Thermal Runaway Multi Level Warning Method of Lithium-ion Battery Pack Based on Impedance Distribution Characteristics

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0881

Abstract

Abstract: Thermal runaway warning for lithium-ion batteries is of vital importance. Thermal runaway detection methods based on battery impedance analysis enable early prediction of thermal runaway, making them a hot research topic in lithium-ion battery thermal runaway studies. Since battery impedance varies with factors such as ambient temperature and there may be a significant measurement error in online measurement of battery impedance especially with high-capacity battery cells, thus, impedance analysis of only a single battery can easily lead to false thermal runaway alarms. This paper proposes a thermal runaway prediction method for lithium-ion battery packs based on the impedance distribution characteristics of cells. This method utilizes the trend of impedance variation across individual cells within the pack to forecast thermal runaway. Two characteristic parameters representing the impedance trend are introduced: the average impedance trend and the degree of impedance deviation. These two parameters are then used as inputs to a fuzzy logic controller to achieve a multi-level early warning for thermal runaway. The online measurement method for battery cell impedance,thermal runaway multi-level warning method and experimental verification are given in this paper. The experimental battery pack consists of ten 30Ah LiFePO4 battery cells, and a programmable heating element is used to heat one of the cells to simulate high-temperature high risk cells. By setting the thresholds, a three-level warning for high-temperature battery cells is achieved, when the cell temperatures are below 50 ℃, there is no warning; when the cell temperatures are in the range of 50 ℃~70 ℃, the warning level is set to level 1; when the cell temperatures are in the range of 70 ℃~100 ℃, the warning level is set to level 2; when the cell temperatures are greater than 100 ℃ , the warning level is set to level 3; and the experimental results demonstrate the correctness of the proposed thermal runaway prediction method.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, thermal runaway warning, online impedance measurement, impedance analysis, fuzzy logic controller

CLC Number:

TM911

GUO Rui, LI Mingming, LIU Yuxi, FAN Shaogui, CUI Xiaomin, XIN Yonghui. Thermal Runaway Multi Level Warning Method of Lithium-ion Battery Pack Based on Impedance Distribution Characteristics[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0881.

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