Optimal design of liquid cooling pipeline for battery module based on VCALB

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0448

Abstract

Abstract:

In the battery thermal management of electric vehicles, the maximum temperature (MTBM) and maximum temperature difference (MTDBM) of a battery module are the most important indicators to measure the heat dissipation system. Liquid cooling is an efficient way of dissipating heat, but it also has the defect of excessive temperature difference. Therefore, the influence of inlet coolant flow (ICF), inlet coolant temperature (ICT), liquid-cooled pipe flow channel height (LFCH), and contact angle between the liquid cooling pipe and battery (CALB) on the MTBM and MTDBM is studied through simulation, and the structure of the liquid cooling pipeline of the battery module is optimized by using the variable contact angle between the liquid cooling pipe and battery. The results show that the MTBM of the optimized battery module is reduced from 40.50 ℃ to 38.47 ℃, a decrease of 5.01%, and the MTDBM is reduced from 6.07 ℃ to 3.60 ℃, a decrease of 24.05%. Increasing the ICF can reduce the MTBM and MTDBM, but the decrease of MTBM and MTDBM is gradual and will increase the pressure difference. Increasing the LFCH and CALB and reducing the ICT can all reduce the MTBM to a certain extent; however, the improvement of the cooling effect continues to decrease, and it will cause the problem of excessive temperature difference in the module. Therefore, this research provides an effective solution to the problem of excessive temperature difference in the liquid cooling system in the battery module, which is conducive to the further development of liquid cooling in the direction of battery thermal management.

Key words: lithium battery, thermodynamic simulation, liquid-cooling heat dissipation, temperature difference

CLC Number:

TM 912

Xiang WANG, Jing XU, Yajun DING, Fan DING, Xin XU. Optimal design of liquid cooling pipeline for battery module based on VCALB[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(2): 547-552.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1

Table 1

Table 2

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

References 13

1	YANG X L, GAO X L, ZHANG F T, et al. Experimental study on temperature difference between the interior and surface of Li[Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3]O₂ prismatic lithium-ion batteries at natural convection and adiabatic condition[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2021, 190: doi: 0.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116746.
2	NI P Y, WANG X L. Temperature field and temperature difference of a battery package for a hybrid car[J]. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 2020, 20: doi: 10.1016/j.csite.2020.100646.
3	CAO J H, LING Z Y, FANG X M, et al. Delayed liquid cooling strategy with phase change material to achieve high temperature uniformity of Li-ion battery under high-rate discharge[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2020, 450: doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227673.
4	牛志远, 王怀铷, 金阳, 等. 不同倍率下磷酸铁锂电池模组过充热失控特性研究[J]. 电力工程技术, 2021, 40(4): 167-174.
	NIU Z Y, WANG H R, JIN Y, et al. Overcharging and runaway characteristics of lithium iron phosphate battery modules at different rates[J]. Electric Power Engineering Technology, 2021, 40(4): 167-174.
5	ZHANG D, DEY S, TANG S X, et al. Battery internal temperature estimation via a semilinear thermal PDE model[J]. Automatica, 2021, 133: doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2021.109849.
6	李生红, 熊震, 秦国锋, 等. 锂离子电池热模型研究概述[J]. 时代汽车, 2021(16): 99-101.
	LI S H, XIONG Z, QIN G F, et al. Overview of research on thermal model of lithium-ion battery[J]. Auto Time, 2021(16): 99-101.
7	王翔,徐晶,陈新文,丁亚军,徐鑫. 基于VCHTC的锂电池热力学精细化仿真[J/OL].储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(1): 246-252.
	WANG X, XU J, CHEN X W, DING Y J, XU X. Refined thermodynamic simulation of lithium battery based on VCHTC[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(1): 246-252.
8	林裕旺, 王惜慧, 郭剑成, 等. 基于复合相变材料的电池包热管理研究[J]. 电源技术, 2021, 45(7): 881-884, 940.
	LIN Y W, WANG X H, GUO J C, et al. Research on thermal management of battery pack based on composite phase change material[J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2021, 45(7): 881-884, 940.
9	袁航, 高强. 变接触面圆柱形锂电池组液冷散热的热特性[J]. 电源技术, 2021, 45(3): 302-304.
	YUAN H, GAO Q. Thermal characteristics of liquid cooling of cylindrical lithium battery with variable contact surface[J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2021, 45(3): 302-304.
10	干年妃, 孙长乐, 刘东旭, 等. 变接触面液冷系统的电池模组温度一致性研究[J]. 湖南大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 47(6): 34-42.
	GAN N F, SUN C L, LIU D X, et al. Study on temperature consistency of battery module for liquid cooling system with variable contact surface[J]. Journal of Hunan University (Natural Sciences), 2020, 47(6): 34-42.
11	李潇, 陈江英, 李翔晟. 基于新型流道液冷板的动力电池热管理性能[J]. 电源技术, 2020, 44(10): 1438-1442.
	LI X, CHEN J Y, LI X S. Study on thermal management performance of power batteries based on new flow passage liquid cooling plate[J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2020, 44(10): 1438-1442.
12	冯能莲, 董士康, 李德壮, 等. 蜂巢式液冷电池模块传热特性的试验研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2020, 42(5): 658-664.
	FENG N L, DONG S K, LI D Z, et al. Experiment study on heat transfer characteristics of honeycomb liquid cooled battery module[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2020, 42(5): 658-664.
13	丁亚军, 徐晶, 丁凡, 等. 圆柱锂电池表面自然对流换热系数仿真估算[J]. 电源技术, 2020, 44(9): 1256-1259.
	DING Y J, XU J, DING F, et al. Simulation and estimation of natural convection heat transfer coefficient on surface of cylindrical lithium ion batteries[J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2020, 44(9): 1256-1259.

项	ICF/(g/s)	ICT/℃	LFCH/mm	CALB/(°)
不同ICF	5/10/15/20	25	50	65
不同ICT	5	17.5/20/22.5/25	50	65
不同LFCH	5	25	35/40/45/50	65
不同CALB	5	25	50	60/65/70/75

名称	型号	适用范围	精度
恒温箱	303-00A	室温5～60 ℃	0.5%
大功率电子负载	TEC-80K	0～40 A(400 W)	0.5%
电池内阻测试模块	RC3561	0～200 mΩ	0.5%
热电偶温度变送器	RS20K-C	1 Hz	0.5%
K型热电偶	TT-K-30	-200～260 ℃	0.4%

[1]	Yu SHI, Zhong ZHANG, Jingying YANG, Wei QIAN, Hao LI, Xiang ZHAO, Xintong YANG. Opportunity cost modelling and market strategy of energy storage participating in the AGC market [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2366-2373.
[2]	Jiayu YUAN, Xinguang LI, Wenchao WANG, Chengkuo FU. Simulation of serpentine cooling structure of battery pack considering mass flow [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2274-2281.
[3]	Peng HUANG, Zhigen NIE, Zheng CHEN, Xing SHU, Shiquan SHEN, Jipeng YANG, Jiangwei SHEN. Capacity prediction of lithium battery based on optimized Elman neural network [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2282-2294.
[4]	WU Yida, ZHANG Yi, ZHAN Yuanjie, GUO Yaqi, ZHANG liao, LIU Xingjiang, YU Hailong, ZHAO Wenwu, HUANG Xuejie. The effect of B₂O₃ modification on the electrochemical properties of LiCoO₂ cathode [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(6): 1687-1692.
[5]	Suhang WANG, Jianlin LI, Yaxin LI, Junjie XIONG, Wei ZENG. Research on charging strategy of lithium-ion battery system at low temperature [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1537-1542.
[6]	Bowen CHEN, Ruiguang CUI, Yanbin SHEN, Liwei CHEN. Application of a novel method for characterization of local Young’s modulus in lithium （ion） batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(3): 991-999.
[7]	Xiaoge LOU, Xin WANG, Pengfei SI, Xiangyang RONG. Energy and energy analysis of two-stage water tanks variable-volume thermal heat storage system for solar heating [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(2): 538-546.
[8]	Zhiguo AN, Xian ZHANG, Hui ZHU, Chunjie ZHANG. Heat dissipation performance of honeycomb-like thermal management system combined CPCM with water cooling for lithium batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(1): 211-220.
[9]	Yingkai WANG, Hong ZHANG, Xinghui WANG. Hybrid 1DCNN-LSTM model for predicting lithium ion battery state of health [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(1): 240-245.
[10]	Xiang WANG, Jing XU, Xinwen CHEN, Yajun DING, Xin XU. Refined thermodynamic simulation of lithium battery based on VCHTC [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(1): 246-252.
[11]	Xinyu CAO, Fei PENG, Liwei LI, Jianguang YIN. SOC estimation of lithium battery based on IBAS-NARX neural network model [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(6): 2342-2351.
[12]	Jianjiang XIE, Xiang GAO, Chengqiang XIA, Yi ZHENG, Hao WANG. Research on information acquisition system of lithium battery energy storage cabin [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(3): 1109-1116.
[13]	Miao JIANG, Hongli WAN, Gaozhan LIU, Wei WENG, Chao WANG, Xiayin YAO. Co_0.1Fe_0.9S₂@Li₇P₃S₁₁composite cathode material for all-solid-state lithium batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(3): 925-930.
[14]	Chengxin SHAN, Liwei LI, Yuxin YANG. SOC of estimation of lithium battery based on IACO-PF [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(3): 1145-1152.
[15]	Haobin LIANG, Jianhua DU, Xin HAO, Shizhi YANG, Ran TU, Rencheng ZHANG. A review of current research on the formation mechanism of lithium batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(2): 647-657.