Interpretation and analysis of GB/T 31486—2024 “Electrical performance requirements and test methods for traction battery of electric vehicle”

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0026

Abstract

Abstract:

GB/T 31486—2015 "Electrical performance requirements and test methods for traction battery of electric vehicle" is a critical standard in the field of traction battery electrical performance. The new energy vehicle and traction battery industries have seen rapid development in recent years, leading to a shift toward "cell to pack" (CTP), and a deeper understanding of real-world operating conditions. In addition, advancements in battery performance have surpassed the levels established in the 2015 version. Consequently, China published the revised GB/T 31486—2024 in 2024. The updated standard, implemented on April 1, 2025, is a core document in the traction battery sector and is important for product development and validation. This study analyzes the background and key technical updates of the GB/T 31486—2024 standard, highlighting its differences from the 2015 version. The revisions focus on three main aspects: (i) Alignment with "CTP" technology: test objects are shifted from modules to cells, with increased sample sizes to enhance consistency evaluation. (ii) Optimized test conditions: test parameters are optimized based on real-world operational data, and dynamic environmental adaptation termination mechanisms are integrated. (iii) Elevated performance requirements: The overall performance criteria are increased. Furthermore, GB/T 31486—2024 emphasizes coordination with domestic standards, such as GB/T 31467—2023, ensuring that test results more accurately reflect actual operating conditions. By upgrading technical specifications and innovating testing methodologies, the revised standards can drive enterprises toward improving product performance and consistency control, thereby providing vital support for the high-quality development of China's new energy vehicle industry.

Key words: electric vehicle, traction battery, electrical performance, standard interpretation

CLC Number:

TM 912.9

Weijian HAO, Pingjian NIU, Tianyi MA, Ce HAN, Shaohui LIU. Interpretation and analysis of GB/T 31486—2024 “Electrical performance requirements and test methods for traction battery of electric vehicle”[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(7): 2654-2661.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Table 3

Comparison of test object, requirement and test method between 2015 version and 2024 version"

序号	项目	2015版			2024版
序号	项目	对象	方法	指标	对象	方法	指标
1	室温放电容量(初始容量)	单体&模组	1 I₁放电	不低于额定容量，不超过额定容量的110%	单体	高功率电池1 I₁放电，高能量电池1 I₃放电	不低于额定容量，不超过额定容量的110%
2	室温倍率放电容量	模组	高能量电池3 I₁放电，高功率电池8 I₁放电	高能量电池放电容量不低于90%初始容量，高功率电池不低于80%初始容量	单体	高能量电池3 I₃放电，高功率电池10 I₁放电	高能量电池放电容量不低于95%初始容量，高功率电池不低于80%初始容量
3	室温倍率充电容量	模组	2 I₁充电后室温放电	放电容量不低于80%初始容量	单体	30 min内完成充电后室温放电	放电容量不低于80%初始容量
4	低温放电容量(锂离子电池)	模组	-20 ℃放电	放电容量不低于70%初始容量	单体	-20 ℃放电	放电容量不低于70%初始容量
5	高温放电容量	模组	55 ℃放电	放电容量不低于90%初始容量	单体	45 ℃放电	放电容量不低于95%初始容量

6	室温荷电保持(锂离子电池)	模组	100% SOC状态下室温搁置28天	保持容量不低于85%初始容量，恢复容量不低于90%初始容量。	单体	100% SOC状态下室温搁置30天	保持容量不低于90%初始容量，恢复容量不低于95%初始容量。所有样品高温荷电保持容量、恢复容量和能量效率极差不大于5%
7	高温荷电保持(锂离子电池)	模组	100% SOC状态下55 ℃搁置7天	保持容量不低于85%初始容量，恢复容量不低于90%初始容量。	单体	100% SOC状态下45 ℃搁置7天	保持容量不低于90%初始容量，恢复容量不低于95%初始容量。所有样品高温荷电保持容量、恢复容量和能量效率极差不大于5%

8	储存	模组	50% SOC状态下45 ℃搁置28天	恢复容量不低于90%初始容量	单体	50% SOC状态下45 ℃搁置30天	恢复容量不低于95%初始容量，所有样品恢复容量和能量效率极差不大于5%

9	耐振动	模组	振动频率10～55 Hz 振动时间3 h	不允许放电电流锐变、电压异常等	删除该项目

Table 3

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测试项目	GB/T 31486—2024	GB/T 31486—2015	IEC 62660-1: 2018
室温放电容量	√	√	√
室温放电能量	√	√	√
室温放电比能量	√	√	√
室温倍率放电容量	√	√
室温倍率充电容量	√	√
功率			√
再生功率			√
低温放电容量	√	√	√
高温放电容量	√	√	√
室温荷电保持与容量恢复能力	√	√	√
室温能量效率	√		√
高温荷电保持与容量恢复能力	√	√
高温能量效率	√		√
存储	√	√	√
耐振动		√

序号	测试项目	测试样品数
序号	测试项目	2015版	2024版
1	外观	单体1#~10# 模组1#~10#	单体1#~30#
2	极性
3	质量及外形尺寸
4	室温放电容量

5	室温倍率放电容量	模组1#、2#	单体1#~5#
6	室温倍率充电性能
7	低温放电容量
8	高温放电容量

9	室温荷电保持与容量恢复能力	模组3#、4#	单体6#~10#
10	高温荷电保持与容量恢复能力	模组5#、6#	单体11#~20#
11	耐振动	模组7#、8#	—
12	储存	模组9#、10#	单体21#~30#

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