Ultrahigh-power lithium-ion batteries based on nano/micro-structured LiCoO2 graded-particle cathode design

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0478

Abstract

Abstract:

While nano-sized materials offer notable advantages over micron-sized particles in enhancing rapid charge-discharge capability and optimizing power density, they suffer from several limitations, including low initial Coulombic efficiency, low volumetric energy density, insufficient mass loading, inferior cycling stability, complex manufacturing processes, and high production costs, collectively restricting their practical applications. In this study, nano-scale LiCoO₂ (N-LCO) was synthesized via a facile wet ball-milling method and subsequently combined with micron-scale LiCoO₂ (M-LCO) to form particle-graded composites. The effects of varying mass ratios of nano-sized particles (x% N-LCO) on the electrochemical performance were systematically investigated. Through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and electrochemical characterization, a comparative analysis of the structure, morphology, and electrochemical properties of M-LCO and x% N-LCO materials was conducted. The results demonstrate that the 10% N-LCO composite exhibits outstanding electrochemical properties: a high initial discharge specific capacity (170.1 mAh/g) with an initial Coulombic efficiency of 93.83%, remarkable rate capability (79.3% capacity retention at 10 C), and excellent cycling stability (96.33% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 1 C). A 1.4 Ah pouch-type lithium-ion battery assembled with the 10% N-LCO composite cathode and commercial hard carbon anode achieved a specific energy of 116.78 Wh/kg. The battery maintained 78.57% capacity retention at a 200 C discharge rate and sustained ultra-high pulse discharges at 350 C (second-level) and 1000 C (millisecond-level). Notably, a power density of 88.44 kW/kg was achieved during 1000 C pulse discharge. This work significantly enhances the rate capability of cathode materials through nano/microstructural particle grading of LiCoO₂, offering valuable insights into the design and engineering of short-duration, high-frequency, and ultrahigh-power lithium-ion batteries.

Key words: ultra-high power density, high energy density, nanoscale electrode materials, micron-scale electrode materials, particle size gradation

CLC Number:

TM 911

Xiaohan BAN, Mingxia ZHOU, Hongrui HU, Fuliang LIU, Dongwei MA, Bin SHI, Xiaogang ZHANG. Ultrahigh-power lithium-ion batteries based on nano/micro-structured LiCoO₂ graded-particle cathode design[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(8): 2950-2959.

Figures/Tables 6

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References 15

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Ultrahigh-power lithium-ion batteries based on nano/micro-structured LiCoO₂ graded-particle cathode design

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