Role of drying on the mechanical behavior of composite anodes

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0002

Abstract

Abstract:

Carbon-coated SiO_x composite anodes with different drying temperatures and binding systems, including poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), polymerized styrene butadiene rubber/carboxymethyl cellulose (SBR/CMC), and sodium alginate (SA), were prepared. Their quasi-static tensile and interfacial tensile-shear properties were thoroughly tested. The results showed that when the drying temperature increases, the elastic modulus, tensile strength, and interface tensile-shear strength of the active layer of each binding system gradually decrease. Among them, the ratio of tensile strength to elastic modulus of electrodes containing SBR/CMC is the highest. Additionally, its tensile-shear strength is also relatively less affected by temperature. The ratio of tensile strength to elastic modulus of electrodes with SBR/CMC is better suited for high-temperature drying than SA and PVDF systems.

Key words: drying, temperature, composite electrode, mechanical behavior, lithium-ion battery

CLC Number:

TB 125

Dengfeng JIANG, Yajun CHEN, Yaolong HE, Da BIAN, Hongjiu HU. Role of drying on the mechanical behavior of composite anodes[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(3): 957-963.

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1

Table 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

References 30

1	HAWLEY W B, LI J L. Electrode manufacturing for lithium-ion batteries—Analysis of current and next generation processing[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2019, 25: doi: 10.1016/j.est.2019.100862.
2	WOOD D L, QUASS J D, LI J L, et al. Technical and economic analysis of solvent-based lithium-ion electrode drying with water and NMP[J]. Drying Technology, 2018, 36(2): 234-244.
3	MÜLLER M, PFAFFMANN L, JAISER S, et al. Investigation of binder distribution in graphite anodes for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2017, 340: 1-5.
4	WESTPHAL B G, KWADE A. Critical electrode properties and drying conditions causing component segregation in graphitic anodes for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2018, 18: 509-517.
5	NIESEN S, KAPPLER J, TRÜCK J, et al. Influence of the drying temperature on the performance and binder distribution of sulfurized poly(acrylonitrile) cathodes[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2021, 168(5): doi: 10.1149/1945-7111/abfb95.
6	LI C C, WANG Y W. Binder distributions in water-based and organic-based LiCoO₂ electrode sheets and their effects on cell performance[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2011, 158(12): doi: 10.1149/2.107112jes.
7	BUSS F, ROBERTS C C, CRAWFORD K S, et al. Effect of soluble polymer binder on particle distribution in a drying particulate coating[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2011, 359(1): 112-120.
8	LIU Z X, WOOD D L, MUKHERJEE P P. Evaporation induced nanoparticle-binder interaction in electrode film formation[J]. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2017, 19(15): 10051-10061.
9	SU Y J, ZHOU K, YUAN Y C, et al. Study on prediction of binder distribution in the drying process of the coated web of positive electrode for lithium ion battery[J]. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020, 793(1): doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/793/1/012025.
10	GÖREN A, CÍNTORA-JUÁREZ D, MARTINS P, et al. Influence of solvent evaporation rate in the preparation of carbon-coated lithium iron phosphate cathode films on battery performance[J]. Energy Technology, 2016, 4(5): 573-582.
11	CHEN Y S, HU C C, LI Y Y. Effects of cathode impedance on the performances of power-oriented lithium ion batteries[J]. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 2010, 40(2): 277-284.
12	STEIN M IV, MISTRY A, MUKHERJEE P P. Mechanistic understanding of the role of evaporation in electrode processing[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2017, 164(7): A1616-A1627.
13	JAISER S, MÜLLER M, BAUNACH M, et al. Investigation of film solidification and binder migration during drying of Li-ion battery anodes[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2016, 318: 210-219.
14	ROLLAG K, JUAREZ-ROBLES D, DU Z J, et al. Drying temperature and capillarity-driven crack formation in aqueous processing of Li-ion battery electrodes[J]. ACS Applied Energy Materials, 2019, 2(6): 4464-4476.
15	REYNOLDS C D, SLATER P R, HARE S D, et al. A review of metrology in lithium-ion electrode coating processes[J]. Materials & Design, 2021, 209: doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109971.
16	ZHANG Y S, COURTIER N E, ZHANG Z Y, et al. A review of lithium-ion battery electrode drying: Mechanisms and metrology[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2022, 12(2): doi: 10.1002/aenm.202102233.
17	JAISER S, FRISKE A, BAUNACH M, et al. Development of a three-stage drying profile based on characteristic drying stages for lithium-ion battery anodes[J]. Drying Technology, 2017, 35(10): 1266-1275.
18	ZHU Z Q, HE Y L, HU H J. Role of heterogeneous inactive component distribution induced by drying process on the mechanical integrity of composite electrode during electrochemical operation[J]. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2021, 54(5): doi: 10.1088/1361-6463/abc043.
19	ZHU Z Q, HE Y L, HU H J, et al. Evolution of internal stress in heterogeneous electrode composite during the drying process[J]. Energies, 2021, 14(6): doi: 10.3390/en14061683.
20	CHENG Y T, VERBRUGGE M W. Evolution of stress within a spherical insertion electrode particle under potentiostatic and galvanostatic operation[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2009, 190(2): 453-460.
21	HE Y L, HU H J, SONG Y C, et al. Effects of concentration-dependent elastic modulus on the diffusion of lithium ions and diffusion induced stress in layered battery electrodes[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 248: 517-523.
22	MAO W G, WANG Z, LI C S, et al. In-situ characterizations of chemo-mechanical behavior of free-standing vanadium pentoxide cathode for lithium-ion batteries during discharge-charge cycling using digital image correlation[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2018, 402: 272-280.
23	ZHU Z Q, HU H J, HE Y L, et al. Buckling analysis and control of layered electrode structure at finite deformation[J]. Composite Structures, 2018, 204: 822-830.
24	HAFTBARADARAN H, XIAO X C, VERBRUGGE M W, et al. Method to deduce the critical size for interfacial delamination of patterned electrode structures and application to lithiation of thin-film silicon Islands[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2012, 206: 357-366.
25	MUGHAL M Z, MOSCATELLI R, AMANIEU H Y, et al. Effect of lithiation on micro-scale fracture toughness of LixMn₂O₄ cathode[J]. Scripta Materialia, 2016, 116: 62-66.
26	BAUNACH M, JAISER S, SCHMELZLE S, et al. Delamination behavior of lithium-ion battery anodes: Influence of drying temperature during electrode processing[J]. Drying Technology, 2016, 34(4): 462-473.
27	JAISER S, KUMBERG J, KLAVER J, et al. Microstructure formation of lithium-ion battery electrodes during drying—An ex-situ study using cryogenic broad ion beam slope-cutting and scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-BIB-SEM)‍[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2017, 345: 97-107.
28	FONT F, PROTAS B, RICHARDSON G, et al. Binder migration during drying of lithium-ion battery electrodes: Modelling and comparison to experiment[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2018, 393: 177-185.
29	ANTARTIS D, DILLON S, CHASIOTIS I. Effect of porosity on electrochemical and mechanical properties of composite Li-ion anodes[J]. Journal of Composite Materials, 2015, 49(15): 1849-1862.
30	LIM S, KIM S, AHN K H, et al. Stress development of Li-ion battery anode slurries during the drying process[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2015, 54(23): 6146-6155.

温度/℃	初始厚度/μm	干燥后厚度/μm	压延后厚度/μm
60	550	119.5±1.1	109.7±1.3
90	550	122.7±1.8	112.4±1.5
120	550	124.5±1.6	113.6±1.8
150	550	128.6±2.4	115.7±2.7

[1]	Haitao LI, Lingli KONG, Xin ZHANG, Chuanjun YU, Jiwei WANG, Lin XU. The effects of N/P design on the performances of Ni-rich NCM/Gr lithium ion battery [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2040-2045.
[2]	Shunmin YI, Linbo XIE, Li PENG. Remaining useful life prediction of lithium-ion batteries based on VF-DW-DFN [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2305-2315.
[3]	Qingwei ZHU, Xiaoli YU, Qichao WU, Yidan XU, Fenfang CHEN, Rui HUANG. Semi-empirical degradation model of lithium-ion battery with high energy density [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2324-2331.
[4]	Yuzuo WANG, Jin WANG, Yinli LU, Dianbo RUAN. Study on the effects of pore structure on lithium-storage performances for soft carbon [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2023-2029.
[5]	Wenlan YE, Ming ZHAO, Mingyu HU, Yang TIAN. Analysis of heat storage and release performance of tube bundle phase change heat accumulator [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2151-2160.
[6]	Wei KONG, Jingtao JIN, Xipo LU, Yang SUN. Study on cooling performance of lithium ion batteries with symmetrical serpentine channel [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2258-2265.
[7]	YAN Qiaoyi, WU Feng, CHEN Renjie, LI Li. Recovery and resource recycling of graphite anode materials for spent lithium-ion batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(6): 1760-1771.
[8]	WANG Yuzuo, DENG Miao, WANG Jin, YANG Bin, LU Yinli, JIN Ge, RUAN Dianbo. Study on the effects of carbonization temperature on lithium-storage kinetics for soft carbon [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(6): 1715-1724.
[9]	YU Chunhui, HE Ziying, ZHANG Chenxi, LIN Xianqing, XIAO Zhexi, WEI Fei. The analyses and suppressing strategies of silicon anode with the electrolyte [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(6): 1749-1759.
[10]	WANG Can, MA Pan, ZHU Guoliang, WEI Shuimiao, YANG Zhilu, ZHANG Zhiyu. Effect of lithium acrylic-coated nature graphite on its electrochemical properties [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(6): 1706-1714.
[11]	LIU Hangxin, CHEN Xiantao, SUN Qiang, ZHAO Chenxi. Cycle performance characteristics of soft pack lithium-ion batteries under vacuum environment [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(6): 1806-1815.
[12]	Guangyu CHENG, Xinwei LIU, Yueni MEI, Honghui GU, Cheng YANG, Ke WANG. Capacity fading analysis of lithium-ion battery after high temperature storage [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1339-1349.
[13]	Jun WANG, Lin RUAN, Yanliang QIU. Research progress on rapid heating methods for lithium-ion battery in low-temperature [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1563-1574.
[14]	Liangtao XIONG, Jifen WANG, Huaqing XIE, Xuelai ZHANG. Effect of vacancy defects on thermal conductivity of single-layer graphene by molecular dynamics [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1322-1330.
[15]	Yanwen DAI, Aiqing YU. Combined CNN-LSTM and GRU based health feature parameters for lithium-ion batteries SOH estimation [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1641-1649.