Development of high-power Ni-MH battery system for primary frequency modulation

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0140

Abstract

Abstract:

Large-scale grid integration of renewable energy reduces the level of inertia and anti-disturbance ability of power systems, weakens the frequency stability of the power grid, and increases the difficulty of primary frequency modulation (PFM) of the power grid. Facing the increasing pressure of frequency modulation, an energy storage system that responds to the PFM of the power grid is required. This paper introduces the principles of the nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) battery. Then, combined with operational condition data of 660 MW thermal power units participating in PFM in Northwest China, the optimal power/capacity configuration results and coordinated control strategy suitable for an Ni-MH battery energy storage system are proposed. In addition, high-power Ni-MH batteries, modules, and systems are developed for energy storage systems with a target capacity of 5 MW/0.5 MWh. The charge and discharge curves, cycle life, consistency, and PFM conditions of the batteries, modules, and systems were evaluated. Experimental data results demonstrate that the high-power Ni-MH batteries presented in this paper exhibit high charge and discharge rates of 10 C and 480,000 cycles under short-time and high-frequency working conditions. The modules and systems work stably under high-power test conditions. The results of this study verify the application potential of Ni-MH battery energy storage technology in the PFM of thermal power.

Key words: Ni-MH Battery, energy storage system, primary frequency modulation, state of charge

CLC Number:

O 646.21

Tian WU, Mincheng LIN, Hao HAI, Haiyu SUN, Zhaoyin WEN, Fuyuan MA. Development of high-power Ni-MH battery system for primary frequency modulation[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2213-2221.

Figures/Tables 12

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功率型储能技术类型	功率密度 /(W/kg)	功率密度 /(W/L)	功率成本 /(元/kW)	能量密度 /(Wh/kg)	能量密度 /(Wh/L)	能量成本 /(元/kWh)	能量效率 /%	循环寿命 /次
锂离子电池(LFP)	150～300	400～800	1000～2000	120～180	200～400	700～2000	约95%	约5000
超级电容器	1000～10000	400～1000	100～400	0.5～7	4～10	9500～13500	约95%	约1000000
飞轮储能	500～4000	100～250	1700～2000	20～50	20～100	44000～45000	约90%	20000以上
镍氢电池	500～1200	500～1500	600～1000	50～100	100～150	4000～6000	约90%	3000以上

参数名称	镍氢电池	锂离子电池(LFP)
功率/容量配置	5 MW/0.5 MWh (10 C方案)	5 MW/2.5 MWh (2 C方案)
直流侧设备(电池+BMS+成组)单位容量费用/(万元/MWh)	600～700	约150
交流侧设备单位功率费用/(万元/MW)	40	40
系统集成单位容量费用/(万元/MWh)	50	50
总的功率成本/(万元/MW)	105～115	约130

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