Short circuit fault analysis and protection strategies research of large storage batteries

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0571

Abstract

Abstract:

Consisted of batteries, large storage has a vital role in clean energy high penetration power system, short circuit calculation, and protection configuration are very significant. This study begins by proposing a single battery short circuit model, which is then validated via a short circuit test. On the basis of the model, short circuit calculation formulas inside and between clusters are deducted, which can be implemented widely in a large storage system with arbitrary battery numbers and cover all kinds of short circuit conditions. In this case, the error between theoretical calculation and simulation is <4%, which meets the protection analysis criteria. Factors and change rules of the short circuit are analyzed, the more inter batteries the larger the other clusters and short circuit point current when the fault happens inside the cluster, and module difference affecting short circuit current is proposed. The benefits and drawbacks of different protection schemes are examined, a protective configuration scheme based on fuses is offered, and the ideal fuses installation site is investigated. This scheme summarizes the most important short circuit current estimation techniques for each fuse. The protection configuration scheme proposed by this research covers short circuit current calculation, device selection, and many other aspects, which can be applied widely in the early-stage scheme design of different large storage battery substations.

Key words: storage, battery model, short circuit calculation, protection configuration

CLC Number:

F 407.6

Guangfu XU, Miao JIANG, Wanchun WANG, Yang WEI, Wei HOU. Short circuit fault analysis and protection strategies research of large storage batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2222-2232.

Figures/Tables 20

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Table 5

Calculation formulas of fuse maximum short circuit current"

熔断器	最大短路电流计算公式
D_p，D_e	$M n E / n R n + M R f$
C_p1～C_pM，C_e1～C_eM	$(M - 1) n E / n R n + M R f$
N₁～N_M	$M a x {(M - 1) n E / [4 M R f + (M + 1) n R n] n E / n R n + M R f}$

Table 5

References 16

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名称	值
满充电压	3.65 V
直流内阻	0.4 mΩ
短路阻抗	2 mΩ

短路点内模组数量	其他簇电流/kA	簇内电流/kA	故障电流/kA
0	0.00	0.00	0.00
1	0.06	6.62	7.03
2	0.14	7.59	8.59
3	0.24	7.97	9.67
4	0.36	8.17	10.66
5	0.49	8.29	11.70
6	0.64	8.36	12.86
7	0.83	8.40	14.20
8	1.05	8.42	15.79
9	1.33	8.42	17.73
10	1.68	8.40	20.17
11	2.14	8.37	23.35
12	2.77	8.30	27.67
13	3.67	8.19	33.90
14	5.10	8.01	43.69
15	7.67	7.67	61.32

故障点内模组数量	其他簇电流误差	故障点内电流误差	故障点电流误差
3	3.34%	0.80%	0.91%
8	1.54%	1.26%	1.57%
13	1.48%	1.46%	1.50%
15	1.15%	1.15%	0.87%

故障电流位置	理论计算值	仿真值	相对误差
故障点电流	9.829 kA	9.962 kA	1.3%
故障点电压	19.66 V	19.92 V	1.3%
簇1负极电流	2.539 kA	2.572 kA	1.3%
簇2负极电流	5.979 kA	6.063 kA	1.4%

模组号	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14
1	0.00	3.01	4.90	6.37	7.67	8.95	10.28	11.76	13.46	15.50	18.04	21.36	25.92	32.66
2	-3.01	0.00	2.03	3.61	4.98	6.27	7.56	8.94	10.47	12.25	14.41	17.14	20.77	25.92
3	-4.90	-2.03	0.00	1.60	2.98	4.26	5.51	6.81	8.22	9.83	11.73	14.08	17.14	21.36
4	-6.37	-3.16	-1.60	0.00	1.38	2.64	3.86	5.10	6.43	7.91	9.63	11.73	14.41	18.04
5	-7.67	-4.98	-2.98	-1.38	0.00	1.25	2.45	3.65	4.92	6.31	7.91	9.83	12.25	15.50
6	-8.95	-6.27	-4.46	-2.64	-1.25	0.00	1.19	2.36	3.59	4.92	6.43	8.22	10.47	13.46
7	-10.3	-7.56	-5.51	-3.86	-2.45	-1.19	0.00	1.17	2.36	3.65	5.10	6.81	8.94	11.76
8	-11.8	-8.94	-6.81	-5.10	-3.65	-2.36	-1.17	0.00	1.19	2.45	3.86	5.51	7.56	10.28
9	-13.5	-10.5	-8.22	-6.43	-4.92	-3.59	-2.36	-1.19	0.00	1.25	2.64	4.26	6.27	8.95
10	-15.5	-12.3	-9.83	-7.91	-6.31	-4.92	-3.65	-2.45	-1.25	0.00	1.38	2.98	4.98	7.67
11	-18.0	-14.4	-11.7	-9.63	-7.91	-6.43	-5.10	-3.86	-2.64	-1.38	0.00	1.60	3.61	6.37
12	-21.4	-17.1	-14.1	-11.7	-9.83	-8.22	-6.81	-5.51	-4.26	-2.98	-1.60	0.00	2.03	4.90
13	-25.9	-20.8	-17.1	-14.4	-12.3	-10.5	-8.94	-7.56	-6.27	-4.98	-3.61	-2.03	0.00	3.01
14	-32.7	-25.9	-21.4	-18.0	-15.5	-13.5	-11.8	-10.3	-8.95	-7.67	-6.37	-4.90	-3.01	0.00