Energy Storage Science and Technology ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (2): 740-754.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0743

• Energy Storage Test: Methods and Evaluation • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Applications of in-situ characterization techniques in studying battery interfacial evolution mechanisms

Yuchen JI(), Luyi YANG, Hai LIN(), Feng PAN()   

  1. School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
  • Received:2024-08-07 Revised:2024-08-20 Online:2025-02-28 Published:2025-03-18
  • Contact: Hai LIN, Feng PAN E-mail:yuchenji@pku.edu.cn;linhai@pkusz.edu.cn;panfeng@pkusz.edu.cn

Abstract:

In secondary batteries, the evolution of electrode/electrolyte interfaces plays a crucial role in battery performance and stability. In this study, we review several advanced representative in-situ characterization techniques based on their working mechanisms, including atomic force microscopy, three-dimensional laser confocal microscopy, electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance, electrochemical differential mass spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Based on the evolution of interfaces in secondary batteries, we categorize these phenomena into the evolution of intermediate phases at the electrode/electrolyte interface from liquid to solid, the electrodeposition process of deposition-type metal anodes, and the evolution of the three-phase interface in metal-gas batteries, as well as the electrochemical decomposition and dissolution of solid components from solid to liquid. Several examples of applying these advanced in-situ characterization techniques to complex systems are provided in this work, demonstrating the multi-scale, three-dimensional analytical capabilities of multi-modal in-situ interface characterization. The combined use of these techniques not only offers a deeper understanding of the dynamic evolution of electrode/electrolyte interfaces under actual battery operating conditions but also reveals key factors that affect battery performance and stability. We also discuss the challenges and progress in current research and propose future research directions. The applications and development of in-situ interface characterization techniques will contribute to a deeper understanding of interface evolution mechanisms, improving battery performance and stability, and promoting advancements in battery technologies.

Key words: in-situ characterization, secondary batteries, electrochemical processes, interfacial evolution mechanisms

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