新型迷你通道-相变热沉实验研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0230

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

电子元件的集成化、微型化等特点加剧了芯片的热问题，基于相变材料的被动式冷却技术已无法满足功率波动的高功率电子设备的需求。本文将相变技术与主动冷却技术相结合，提出了一种用于风冷散热的新型迷你通道-相变热沉结构。该结构改善了相变材料导热性能差的问题，也解决了相变材料熔化后泄露的问题。通过实验测试了不同热流密度、不同风速对其热控性能的影响，总结了热沉的蓄放热特性，并与未填充相变材料热沉的热控性能进行了对比。实验中热流密度变化范围为1.81-3.47 W/cm²，风速变化范围为0-4 m/s。研究表明：热流密度的增大和风速的降低均会导致热沉温控时间的缩短。2 m/s风速足以满足热流密度小于2.91 W/cm²的芯片散热需求，4 m/s风速可以在热流密度为3.47 W/cm²的情况下将热沉底面温度维持在70 °C。与未填充相变材料热沉相比，本研究提出的热沉可以起到延长温控时长，降低稳态温度的作用。此外，风扇的开启可以有效缩短热沉的冷却时间，对于间歇性工作的电子设备具有重要的应用意义。研究结果可为迷你通道-相变热沉在实践中的应用提供参考依据。

关键词: 相变蓄热, 热控性能, 迷你通道, 风冷散热

Abstract:

The integration and miniaturization of electronic components have aggravated the heat flux problem of chips, and the passive cooling technology based on phase-change materials can no longer meet the requirements of high-power electronic devices with power fluctuations. In this paper, a novel mini-channel phase-change heat sink structure for air-cooled heat dissipation is proposed by combining phase-change technology with active cooling technology. The structure improves the problem of poor thermal conductivity of phase change materials and also solves the problem of leakage after melting of PCM. The effects of different heat fluxes and different air velocities on its thermal control performance are experimentally tested. The heat storage and release characteristics of hybrid heat sink are summarized and the thermal control performance is compared with unfilled PCM heat sink. In the experiment, the range of heat flux is 1.81-3.47 W/cm², and the range of air speed is 0-4 m/s. The result shows that: the increase of the heat flux and the decrease of the air velocity leads to the shortening of the temperature control time. The 2 m/s air velocity is sufficient to meet the heat dissipation demand with the heat flux less than 2.91 W/cm². The 4 m/s air velocity can maintain the heat sink substrate temperature at 70 °C with a 3.47 W/cm² heat flux. Compared with the unfilled PCM heat sink, the heat sink proposed in this study can extend the temperature control time and reduce the steady-state temperature. In addition, the opening of the fan can effectively shorten the cooling time of the heat sink, which is important for the application of electronic devices that work intermittently. The results of this study can provide a reference for the practical application of mini-channel phase change heat sinks.

Key words: Phase change thermal storage, Thermal control performance, mini-channel, air cooling

中图分类号:

TK124

李煜, 张俊雄, 樊洪明. 新型迷你通道-相变热沉实验研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0230.

Yu Li, Jun-xiong Zhang, Hong-ming Fan. Experimental study of a novel mini-channel phase change heat sink[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0230.

图/表 12

图1

表1

图2

表2

表3

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

参考文献 20

1	PEDRAM M, NAZARIAN S. Thermal Modeling, Analysis, and Management in VLSI Circuits: Principles and Methods[J/OL]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2006, 94(8): 1487-1501.
2	罗意彬, 段文超, 严景好, 等. 双翅片矩形相变储能单元蓄热性能实验研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(2): 405-415.
	LUO Y B, DUAN W C, YAN J H, et al. Experimental study on heat storage performance of a double-fin rectangular phase change energy storage unit[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(2): 405-415.
3	AL-OMARI S A B, MAHMOUD F, QURESHI Z A, et al. The impact of different fin configurations and design parameters on the performance of a finned PCM heat sink[J]. International Journal of Thermofluids, 2023, 20: 100476.
4	王君雷, 徐祥贵, 孙通, 等. 一种螺旋翅片式相变储热单元的储热优化模拟[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(2): 514-522.
	WANG J L, XU X G, SUN T, et al. Simulation of heat storage process in spiral fin phase change heat storage unit[J] . Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(2): 514-522.
5	王凡, 杜昭, 阳康, 等. 泡沫金属内嵌石蜡水平蓄器内凝固放热实验[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(11): 3667-3673.
	WANG F, DU Z, YANG K et al. Experimental study on solidification of metal foam composite phase change material in a horizontal heat storage tube[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(11): 3667-3673.
6	张金亚, 周文博, 程紫漪漪. 基于LBM的泡沫金属与翅片相变储能系统性能对比分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(2): 598-607.
	ZHANG J Y, ZHOU W B, CHENG Z Y Y. Performance comparison of metal foam and fin phase-change energy storage system based on LBM[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(2): 598-607.
7	李顺, 黄建国, 何桂金. 木质素基碳/硫纳米球复合材料作为高性能锂硫电池正极材料[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(1): 270-278.
	LI S, HUANG J G, HE G J. Lignin-based carbon/sulfur nanosphere composite as a cathode material for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(1): 270-278.
8	张琦, 李银雷, 栗艳芳, 等. 膨胀石墨/多壁碳纳米管基共晶盐复合相变材料的制备及热特性[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(8): 2435-2443.
	ZHANG Q, LI Y L, LI Y F et al. Preparation and thermal characterization of expanded graphite/multiwalled carbon nanotube based eutectic salt-composite phase change materials[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(8): 2435-2443.
9	LIU Y, ZHENG R, LI J. High latent heat phase change materials (PCMs) with low melting temperature for thermal management and storage of electronic devices and power batteries: Critical review[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2022, 168: 112783.
10	ZHU W, LEI F, ZHONG H, et al. Latent heat recovery of composite PCM for hybrid BTMSs based on micro-encapsulated phase change slurry[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2023, 72: 108330.
11	REN H, DANG C, YIN L, et al. Optimization research on battery thermal management system based on PCM and mini-channel cooling plates[J]. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 2024, 53: 103880.
12	CHEN Y, ZHUANG Y, FENG J C, et al. Numerical investigation on flow and heat transfer characteristics in honeycomb-like microchannel heat sink encapsulated with phase change material[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2023, 232: 121060.
13	S.R. A K, SIVAN S, V.C. M, et al. Experimental and numerical investigation of solid-solid phase change material assisted heat sink with integrated heat pipe for electronic cooling[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2023, 59: 106494.
14	KONG D, ZHANG Y, LIU S. Design of additively manufactured hybrid PCM-air heat sink with a two-stage channel for enhancing thermal performance[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2023, 218: 119325.
15	WANG Y, JASIM D J, MOHAMMAD SAJADI S, et al. Experimental study of phase change material (PCM) based spiral heat sink for the cooling process of electronic equipment[J]. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 2024: 102793.
16	BLACK J R. Electromigration—A brief survey and some recent results[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 1969, 16(4): 338-347.
17	肖玉麒, 曾轶, 范利武, 等. 大功率短时加热条件下相变储能式热沉瞬态性能及其优化的实验研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2014, 35(3): 533-537.
	XIAO Y L, ZENG Y, FAN L Y et al. An experimental study of transient performance and its improvement of a phase change heat storage-based heat sink under high-power pulsed heating[J]. Journal of engineering thermophysics, 2014, 35(3): 533-537.
18	FARZANEHNIA A, KHATIBI M, SARDARABADI M, et al. Experimental investigation of multiwall carbon nanotube/paraffin based heat sink for electronic device thermal management[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2019, 179: 314-325.
19	KHAN Z, KHAN Z, GHAFOOR A. A review of performance enhancement of PCM based latent heat storage system within the context of materials, thermal stability and compatibility[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2016, 115: 132-158.
20	XU Y, FAN H, SHAO B. Experimental and numerical investigations on heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of integrated U-shape micro heat pipe array with rectangular pin fins[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2020, 168: 114640.

物性	类值
相变温度 [°C]	51.6~58.2
相变潜热 [J/kg]	220000
比热容 [J/(kg·K)]	2000
密度（固/液） [kg/m³]	830/730

仪器	型号	物理量	相对不确定度
多功能通风表	TSI-9565P	风速	± 1.5%
数据采集器	Agilent 34970A	——	——
热电偶	T型	温度	± 0.1 °C
功率计	PF-9800	功率	± 0.5%

物理量	范围	相对不确定度
q	1.81~3.47 W/cm²	0~0.73%
R	0~1	0~2.49%

[1]	郭艳芹, 曾镇, 张弘光, 凌子夜, 张正国, 方晓明. 双螺旋盘管内膨胀石墨对相变材料的传热强化机制与蓄放热性能[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(12): 3678-3689.
[2]	王晨, 崔海亭, 王超, 张亚磊, 陈浩松. 不同U型地埋管结构跨季节相变蓄热性能[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(12): 3808-3817.
[3]	赵兰, 王国珍. 相变蓄热复合传热强化技术综述[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(11): 3534-3547.
[4]	徐子杰, 王燕. 多孔基无机复合相变材料的蓄热特性[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(10): 3171-3179.
[5]	杨慧慧, 曾立, 汤波, 王小青, 陆勇. 谷电利用复合石蜡蓄热材料的制备及供暖墙体构造实验[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(1): 19-29.
[6]	刘彬, 胡子强, 李夔宁, 谢翌, 郑锦涛. 基于大平板热管的电池热管理实验及仿真[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(4): 1364-1373.
[7]	刘凯, 蔡颖玲. 一种新型相变蓄热水箱应用于太阳能组合系统的实验研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2019, 8(6): 1230-1234.
[8]	赵国柱, 招晓荷, 徐晓明, 高茂庆. 基于最小能耗的动力电池风冷控制策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2019, 8(4): 751-758.
[9]	韩广顺, 王培伦, 金翼, 黄云, 丁红胜, 丁玉龙. 列管式相变蓄热器性能强化的模拟[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2015, 4(2): 183-188.
[10]	刘永坤, 陶于兵, 唐宗斌. 相变蓄热单元性能强化的数值研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2014, 3(3): 197-202.