压缩空气储能电站地面储气室热力学特性及系统效率研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0796

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

分布式地面压缩空气储能电站利用管道储气，具有便捷、灵活性和全面调节的优势，不仅摆脱了传统盐穴或人工硐室储气对地质条件的依赖，还能充分满足新型电力系统建设的储能需求。基于Amesim软件，对地面压缩空气储能电站在24小时运行周期内的热力学特性（包括储气室温度、压力及换热功率）和系统电-电转换效率进行仿真分析，研究不同环境温度和保温层厚度变化对上述参数的影响。当储气室不采取保温措施时，随着环境温度升高，系统电-电转化效率从59.33%增长至60.06%；而在理想绝热条件下，系统电-电转化效率从68.50%逐渐降低至59.23 %。在环境温度15 ℃条件下，当硅酸铝保温厚度从20mm阶梯增加至100 mm时，系统释能阶段的时间由4.34 h延长至4.58 h，电-电转化效率从55.85%增长至58.44%；相比之下，不采取保温措施时，释能时长为4.61 h，系统电-电转化效率可达59.83%。

关键词: 压缩空气储能, 地面储气室, 热力学特性, 系统效率

Abstract:

The distributed above-ground compressed air energy storage (CAES) power station uses pipeline for gas storage, offering advantages such as convenience, flexibility and comprehensive adjustability. It not only gets rid of the dependence on geological conditions required by traditional salt caverns or artificial caverns for gas storage but also fully meets the energy storage needs of new power system construction. Based on Amesim software, a simulation analysis was conducted on the thermodynamic characteristics including the temperature and pressure of the gas storage chamber, heat dissipation power and the system round-trip efficiency of CAES power station within a 24-hour operation cycle. Meanwhile, the influence of different ambient temperatures and thicknesses of pipeline insulation layer on the above parameters also were studied. When no temperature maintaining measures are applied to the gas storage chamber, the system's round-trip efficiency increases from 59.33% to 60.06% with rising ambient temperature. On the other hand,the efficiency gradually decreases from 68.50% to 59.23% under ideal adiabatic conditions. At an ambient temperature of 15℃, when the thickness of aluminum silicate insulation increases stepwise from 20mm to 100mm, the energy release duration extends from 4.34h to 4.58h, and the round-trip efficiency improves from 55.85% to 58.44%. In contrast, the energy release duration is 4.61h, and the round-trip efficiency reaches up to 59.83% without insulation measures.

Key words: CAES, Above-ground gas storage chamber, thermodynamic characteristics, system efficiency

中图分类号:

TK02

夏超, 岳晓宇, 赵永乐, 王勐哲, 陶永健, 赵倡皓. 压缩空气储能电站地面储气室热力学特性及系统效率研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0796.

Chao XIA, Xiaoyu YUE, Mengzhe WANG, Yongle ZHAO, Yongjian TAO, Changhao ZHAO. Research on Thermodynamic Characteristics of Above-ground Gas Storage Chamber and System Efficiency of Compressed Air Energy Storage Power Station[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0796.

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项目	单位	一级压缩机	二级压缩机	三级压缩机	四级压缩机
入口温度	℃	15.0	40.0	40.0	30.0
入口压力	MPa	0.100	0.394	1.346	4.770
出口温度	℃	210.0	210.0	210.0	141.5
出口压力	MPa	0.472	1.444	4.903	11.760
流量	kg/s	15.72	15.72	15.72	15.72
转速	rpm	6966	8446	15627	20486

项目	单位	一级膨胀	二级膨胀	三级膨胀
入口温度	℃	185.0	185.0	185.0
入口压力	MPa	8.21	1.702	0.348
出口温度	℃	43.671	45.858	40.491
出口压力	MPa	1.809	0.409	0.081
流量	t/h	90.56	90.56	90.56
转速	rpm	9200	3000	3000

环境温度（℃）	进气温度（℃）	储气库初始压力	储能时长（h）	压缩功（MJ）
- 30	36	5.95	8	286943.75
-15	36	5.95	8	286937.53
0	36	5.95	8	286931.00
15	36	5.95	8	286924.16
30	36	5.95	8	286917.64
45	36	5.95	8	286911.42