全钒液流电池用电化学活化碳毡的制备及性能研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0804

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全钒液流电池（VRFB）作为电网调峰的关键储能技术，其在高电流密度下的能量效率与倍率性能受限。本研究开发了一种高效电化学活化策略：通过在0.1 mol L^-1 NH₄H₂PO₄溶液中施加10 V正电压处理原始碳毡（P-CF），成功制备了电化学活化碳毡（E-CF）。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、接触角测试、拉曼光谱（Raman）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等表征，对原始碳毡和电化学活化碳毡的表面形貌、元素组成、浸润性能等进行对比分析。结果表明：（1）经电化学活化处理后，E-CF的整体纤维骨架保持完整，但其表面形成了蚀刻区域，并呈现出均匀分布的微裂纹结构。（2）活化后的碳毡表面引入丰富含氧官能团（O/C原子比从5.14%提升至28.94%），实现超亲水表面转变（接触角从134.1°降至0°）。电化学测试表明：（1）E-CF的电荷转移电阻显著降低，提升钒离子反应动力学；（2）由E-CF组装的单电池在200 mA cm^-2下获得73.54%电压效率和70.56%能量效率；（3）电流密度从200 mA cm^-2回调至80 mA cm^-2后，E-CF组装的单电池的容量保持率>80%。与常规处理工艺相比，本方法具有处理时间短、操作简便、环境友好和成本低廉的优势。

关键词: 电化学活化, 全钒液流电池, 碳毡, 含氧官能团

Abstract:

Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) serve as critical energy storage technologies for grid peak shaving. However, energy efficiency and rate capability under high current densities remain limited. An efficient electrochemical activation strategy was developed: pristine carbon felt (P-CF) was treated at 10 V in 0.1 mol L^-1 NH₄H₂PO₄ solution to prepare electrochemically activated carbon felt (E-CF). Comparative analyses of surface morphology, elemental composition, and wettability between pristine carbon felt and electrochemically activated carbon felt employed scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle measurements, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results demonstrate (1) E-CF retains its integral fiber framework but develops etched regions; (2) Abundant oxygen-containing functional groups are introduced (O/C atomic ratio increases from 5.14% to 28.94%), achieving a superhydrophilic surface transformation (contact angle decreases from 134.1° to 0°). Electrochemical tests demonstrate (1) E-CF exhibits significantly reduced charge transfer resistance, enhancing vanadium ion reaction kinetics; (2) Single cells assembled with E-CF achieve 73.54% voltage efficiency and 70.56% energy efficiency at 200 mA cm^-2; (3) After current density reduction from 200 mA cm^-2 to 80 mA cm^-2, capacity retention exceeds 80%. Compared to conventional treatments, this method offers advantages including short processing time, operational simplicity, environmental friendliness, and cost-effectiveness.

Key words: electrochemical activation, all-vanadium redox flow battery, carbon felt, oxygen-containing functional groups

中图分类号:

TM911

董锋洋, 王彪. 全钒液流电池用电化学活化碳毡的制备及性能研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0804.

Fengyang DONG, Biao WANG. Preparation and performance research of electrochemically activated carbon felt in all vanadium redox flow batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0804.

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参数	C1s/at%	O1s/at%	N1s/at%	O1s/C1s(%)
峰值电位（eV）	284.8	532.5	401.2
P-CF	94.88	4.88	0.24	5.14
E-CF	76.26	22.07	1.68	28.94
E-CF（稳定运行后）	81.10	17.98	0.92	22.17