钠离子电池煤基炭负极可控制备：研究进展与展望

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0150

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

钠离子电池凭借资源丰富、成本低廉等优势，成为一种极具潜力的储能技术。作为钠离子电池的关键组成部分，负极材料的开发至关重要。炭基材料因其结构稳定、成本低廉、安全性高等优势，被认为是最有商业化应用前景的负极材料。煤具有成本低、碳收率高、分子结构可调等特点，被认为是一种优质的碳源。然而，煤固有的高芳香性与组分的高复杂性导致了其衍生炭微晶结构高度有序且结构演变不可控，严重阻碍了高性能煤基炭负极材料的设计。本文针对钠离子电池煤基炭负极材料发展的关键问题，介绍了煤炭结构、性质与其热解机理，并从无定形炭微观结构调控方面总结了以煤为碳源制备钠离子电池负极的最新技术研究进展，最后针对煤基炭负极材料未来面临的问题与研究进展进行了讨论与展望，旨在为高性能煤基炭负极材料的开发及应用提供指导。

关键词: 钠离子电池, 炭材料, 煤, 热解, 含氧官能团, 结构调控

Abstract:

With the advantages of abundant resources and cost-effectiveness, sodium-ion batteries have become a promising energy storage technology. As a key component of sodium-ion batteries, the development of anode materials is essential. Carbon based materials are regarded as the most promising anode materials for commercialization due to their advantages of stable structure, cost-effectiveness and high safety. Coal is considered to be a high-quality carbon source, owing to its cost-effectiveness, high carbon yield, and adjustable molecular structure. However, the inherent high aromaticity of coal and the complexity of its components result in a highly ordered and uncontrollable structure evolution of its derived carbon microcrystalline structure. This significantly impedes the design of high-performance coal-based carbon anode materials. In this paper, we introduce the structure and properties of coal and its pyrolysis mechanism, to address the critical issues surrounding coal-based anode materials for sodium-ion batteries. We summarize the latest technological advancements in the preparation of anode materials for sodium-ion batteries using coal as a carbon source, from the aspect of microstructure modulation of amorphous charcoal. Finally, we discuss the future challenges and research developments in coal-based anode materials, aiming to provide guidance for the development and application of high-performance coal-based carbon anode materials. The purpose of this paper is to provide guidance for the development and application of high-performance coal-based carbon anode materials.

Key words: sodium-ion batteries, carbon materials, coal, pyrolysis, oxygen-containing functional groups, structural modulation

中图分类号:

O613.71

李秀春, 常永刚, 解炜, 李晓明, 陈成猛. 钠离子电池煤基炭负极可控制备：研究进展与展望[J]. 储能科学与技术, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0150.

Xiuchun Li, Yonggang Chang, Wei Xie, Xiaoming Li, Cheng-meng Chen. Controllable Preparation of Coal-Based Carbon Anodes for Sodium-ion Batteries: Research Progress and Prospects[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0150.

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煤种	颜色	光泽度	芳核平均环数	氧含量	挥发分含量
褐煤	褐色	沥青光泽	1-2	15-30%	＞40%
次烟煤	漆黑色	玻璃光泽	2-3	15-20%	30-40%
烟煤	黑色	强玻璃光泽	3-5	10-15%	~30%
无烟煤	灰黑色	金属光泽	＞40	5-10%	＜10%

有机显微组分	油浸反射色	透射色	突起	反射率	密度(g/cm³)
镜质组	深灰至浅灰	橙红、棕红、棕黑或黑色	无或微突起	居中	1.25~1.30
壳质组	深灰	黄至红色	低突起	低	＜1.25
惰质组	灰白、白	棕黑色	高突起	高	＞1.30

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