有机液体规模化氢储运技术经济分析

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0830

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 氢能产业的发展是我国实现能源转型、达成双碳目标的重要途径，然而氢气的低密度、易泄漏及易致金属脆化等特性，导致其高效、安全储运仍面临技术瓶颈，亟待发展经济可行的大规模储运方案。本文系统评述了现有氢储运技术的优势、局限与发展趋势，通过比较分析，提出有机液体（Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier ,LOHC）氢储运技术因其高储氢密度、安全性和可利用现有油品储运设施等优势，在大规模、长距离氢储运中展现出独特潜力。通过构建涵盖运输规模、距离、载体类型和运输方式的多参数氢储运成本分析模型，比较了三种有机液体氢储运体系在不同场景下的经济性，并进一步对关键参数进行了经济敏感性分析。经济分析表明，在所选用的三种有机液态氢载体中，DBT/H₁₈-DBT体系的氢储运平准化成本较TOL/MCH、NEC/H₁₂-NEC体系低11%～34%，是理想的储氢载体，海运运输成本低于陆运1/3，是更适合有机液体的运输方式；敏感性分析表明工艺能耗与燃料成本是影响有机液体经济性的关键敏感因素，是技术优化的重点方向。最后，将有机液体氢储运技术与其它主流氢储运技术的平准化成本进行比较，明确了各技术的适用边界与市场定位。本研究为有机液体氢储运技术的规模化应用提供了系统的技术经济分析框架，为氢能商业化储运路径选择提供了理论依据和数据支撑。

关键词: 储氢技术, 氢能, 输送, 有机液体, 经济分析

Abstract: The development of the hydrogen energy industry serves as a crucial pathway for China to achieve energy transformation and fulfill its dual-carbon goals. However, the inherent properties of hydrogen—such as its low density, high leakage risk, and tendency to induce metal embrittlement—pose substantial technical challenges to its efficient and safe storage and transportation. An urgent need exists to develop economically feasible large-scale solutions. This paper systematically reviews the strengths and limitations of existing hydrogen storage and transport technologies and argues that liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) technology is one of the most promising approaches to addressing large-scale, long-distance hydrogen storage and transport. By establishing a multi-parameter cost analysis model, this study thoroughly investigates how parameters such as transport scale, transport distance, carrier type, and transport methods impact the techno-economic performance of LOHC technology, and further conducts a sensitivity analysis on critical parameters. The economic analysis demonstrates that among the three LOHC systems studied, the DBT/H₁₈-DBT system achieves a levelized cost of hydrogen storage and transport that is 11%～34% lower than that of TOL/MCH and NEC/H₁₂-NEC systems, establishing it as an optimal hydrogen carrier. Additionally, maritime transportation costs for LOHCs are less than one-third of land transport costs, making shipping the more suitable transport mode for organic liquid-based hydrogen. The sensitivity analysis reveals that process energy consumption and fuel costs are the key sensitive factors affecting the economics of LOHC, pointing the way for technological optimization. Comparative analysis further confirms that the DBT/H₁₈-DBT system maintains significant cost competitiveness and excellent cost stability across varying transport scales, offering a viable technological pathway for future commercialization of hydrogen storage and transportation.

Key words: hydrogen storage technologies, hydrogen energy, transportation, LOHC, economic analysis

中图分类号:

TK91

陈万生, 齐随涛, 周一鸣, 张时荣, 韦晶晶. 有机液体规模化氢储运技术经济分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0830.

CHEN Wansheng, QI Suitao, ZHOU Yiming, ZHANG Shirong, WEI Jingjing. Techno-Economic Analysis of Large-Scale Hydrogen Storage and Transportation via Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0830.

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