压缩空气储能技术经济特点及发展趋势

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0645

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来，压缩空气储能作为新型储能的一种重要类型，受到业界越来越多的关注。自2021年以来已有多个10 MW级以上项目陆续并网，压缩空气储能的技术正在逐步成熟，产业化进程开始加速。本文首先简要介绍了压缩空气储能的技术路线和4个关键环节，并将后续研究聚焦于目前技术相对成熟且工程应用最多的绝热压缩空气储能。接着通过梳理分析已建、在建和规划项目的技术经济指标，总结提出技术经济特点及发展趋势。在技术层面，压缩空气储能具有运行寿命长、涉网性能良好、安全风险小等优势，未来将向大规模、高效率、系统化方向发展。在经济层面，压缩空气储能目前造价水平较高，随着产业成熟和技术进步，未来基于盐穴和人工硐室储气的压缩空气储能造价有望低于现有大中型抽水蓄能造价水平，基于管线钢的压缩空气储能造价有望与同等规模中小型抽水蓄能造价水平相当。最后，本文讨论了压缩空气储能的投资成本回收问题，在当前市场环境下压缩空气储能难以获得合理投资回报，需要政策引导支持。建议按照由点及面、示范先行的思路，初期从示范项目入手给予一定电价政策。

关键词: 压缩空气储能, 技术经济分析, 发展趋势

Abstract:

In recent years, compressed air energy storage (CAES) has garnered much research attention as an important type of new energy storage. Since 2021, several 10 MW CAES projects were completed and connected to power systems. This technology has gradually matured and industrialized. In this study, the main technology roadmaps and four key parts of CAES are briefly introduced. Then the study focuses on advanced adiabatic CAES (AA-CAES), which is currently the most widely used technology. After the technical and economic data of the existing and planning projects are analyzed, the characteristics and development trends of CAES are summarized. With respect to its technical aspects, CAES has long operation lifespan, system-friendly performance, and low security risk. In the future, CAES can be developed in a larger scale, with improved efficiency and increased system application. With respect to its economic aspects, CAES has relatively high cost of construction. With further development in the industry and progress in technology, CAES based on salt-cave-air-storage and artificial-chamber-air-storage will be cheaper than the current large-and-middle-sized pumped storage, and CAES based on pipeline-steel-air-storage may become as cheap as small-and-middle-sized pumped storage of comparable scale. In the end, this paper discusses the investment payback of CAES. Under the current market environment, CAES projects can hardly receive reasonable profits. Therefore, there is a need for supporting policies. Thus, it is recommended that policies can first be implemented on several demonstration projects and then price support can be offered to a certain extent.

Key words: compressed air energy storage, technical and economic analysis, development trend

中图分类号:

TK 02

张玮灵, 古含, 章超, 葛昂, 应元旭. 压缩空气储能技术经济特点及发展趋势[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(4): 1295-1301.

Weiling ZHANG, Han GU, Chao ZHANG, Ang GE, Yuanxu YING. Technical economic characteristics and development trends of compressed air energy storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(4): 1295-1301.

图/表 3

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造价水平/(元/kW)	系统效率/%	度电成本/(元/kWh)
8000	65	0.7
6000	70	0.53
5000	75	0.44

电站类型	项目位置	投产时间	单位千瓦投资/元	容量电价(含税)/[元/(kW⋅年)]
抽水蓄能	江西	2016	4300	568
	江苏	2017	5933	618
	海南	2018	5767	730
压缩空气储能	—	—	8000	1000
	—	—	6000	750
	—	—	5000	620

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