锂硫电池中碳质材料的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4239.2016.02.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着能源和环境问题的日益突出以及电子电动设备的迅猛发展,传统锂离子电池已经越来越难以满足人们对于高能量密度电池的需求.锂硫电池因其能量密度高,成本低以及无污染等优点,被认为是极有潜力的下一代高能量密度储能体系.然而由于锂硫电池中正极材料电子,离子电导率低,充放电过程中电极体积变化大,聚硫化物等中间产物的溶解和伴随的"穿梭效应"以及锂负极的使用所带来的锂枝晶等一系列问题,导致锂硫电池的循环寿命差,阻碍其产业化的应用发展.锂硫电池体系中碳质材料的引入可以提高材料导电性,缓冲体积变化,抑制聚硫化物穿梭,是提高其电化学性能的有效手段.本文综述了近年来最新的锂硫电池中碳质材料的应用研究进展,包括硫/碳复合物,柔性自支撑电池和碳质锂硫电池负极,分析了其对锂硫电池性能提升的作用机理,并展望了锂硫电池将来可能的发展方向.

关键词: 锂硫电池, 碳材料, 硫碳复合物, 碳质夹层, 柔性电池, 碳负极

Abstract: Conventional lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries become difficult to satisfy requirements of high-energy batteries due to environmental crisis as well as rapid developments of electronic and electromotive devices. The pursuit of battery system with high-energy density is the research hotspot in the domain of energy storage. Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are considered as one of the most promising energy storage systems due to high energy density, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, the disadvantages of sulfur electrodes such as low electronic/ionic conductivity, large volume change during cycling, the dissolution of intermediates and the concomitant "shuttle effect", as well as dentrite formation in lithium anodes, hinder the commercialization of Li-S batteries. The employment of carbon-based materials in Li-S systems increases the electrode conductivity, buffers the volume change, and inhibits the polysulfide shuttle, presenting as an effective strategy in enhancing the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries. In this paper, we review the most recent development of carbon-based materials applied in Li-S systems, including sulfur/carbon composites, carbon interlayers, self-standing/flexible electrodes and carbon-based anodes, present new insights of connection between carbon structures and improvement of sulfur electrochemical performance, and propose some critical issues in Li-S batteries as well as directions for its future developments.

Key words: lithium-sulfur batteries, carbon materials, sulfur/carbon composite, carbon interlayer, flexible batteries, carbon anode

中图分类号:

TM912

李高然, 李洲鹏, 林展. 锂硫电池中碳质材料的研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2016, 5(2): 135-148.

LI Gaoran, LI Zhoupeng, LIN Zhan. Carbon-based materials for advanced lithium-sulfur batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2016, 5(2): 135-148.

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