基于溶解沉积机制锂硫电池的研究进展简评

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0148

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锂硫电池采用高比容量单质硫和锂分别作为正负极电极材料，具有成本低、能量密度高等优点，因而引起了研究者们的广泛关注。目前，通过开发多种功能型的硫正极结构和电解液，锂硫电池的电化学性能已经取得了长足的进步，研究者对锂硫电池的反应路径和机制也得到了深入的认识。然而，在锂硫电池转向实用化的过程中仍面临诸多挑战。本文通过对近年来锂硫电池的研究进展进行分析，探讨了近实际条件下硫正极和锂负极面临的困难，如硫利用率低、循环性能差、锂枝晶和“死锂”等。最后指出未来如何从实际角度理解和解决厚电极、低电解液用量、低N/P比例的情况下硫正极和锂负极持续可逆反应问题，将是提升锂硫电池实际能量密度和循环寿命的关键。将硫电极结构、电解液（质）及金属锂保护三者有机结合，提高硫正极和锂负极的结构和电化学稳定性，构建良好导电网络，充分发挥锂硫电池高能量、低成本的优势，将有望实现锂硫电池的实用化。

关键词: 锂硫电池, 高能量密度, 循环寿命

Abstract:

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have attracted tremendous interest in the last decade because of the low cost of S and its high theoretical energy density. Extensive efforts have been devoted to designing advanced conductive cathode networks and functional electrolytes. The performances of Li-S batteries have been significantly improved. The working mechanisms have also been well understood. However, a huge gap still exists between the achievable energy density and their theoretical energy density and the limited cycle life for Li-S batteries under practical conditions, such as high S loading, low electrolyte usage, and low N/P ratio. Based on a brief review of the recent progress of Li-S batteries, we particularly discuss herein the obstacles of Li-S batteries under practical conditions, such as low S utilization, limited cycle life, lithium dendrite, and "dead Li." This review reveals the criticality of understanding and solving the reversible and sustainable reactions for S and Li metal under thick electrode, low electrolyte usage, and restricted N/P ratios for the future development of high-energy Li-S batteries. We conclude that a comprehensive solution that combines sulfur electrode architecture, electrolyte, and Li metal protection is important in enhancing the structural stability of Li and S electrodes and conducting networking to realize a high-energy Li-S battery technology and promote its commercialization.

Key words: lithium-sulfur batteries, high energy density, cycle life

中图分类号:

闫梦蝶, 李晖, 凌敏, 潘慧霖, 张强. 基于溶解沉积机制锂硫电池的研究进展简评[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(6): 1606-1613.

Mengdie YAN, Hui LI, Min LING, Huilin PAN, Qiang ZHANG. Brief review of progress in lithium-sulfur batteries based on dissolution-deposition reactions[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(6): 1606-1613.

图/表 4

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