基于示范运营的燃料电池汽车性能衰退分析方法

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0393

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

燃料电池汽车商业化示范运营项目旨在研究燃料电池汽车的商业化应用前景，并在经济性、可靠性和寿命等方面对燃料电池车辆进行改进，是促进燃料电池汽车商业化发展的重要途径。燃料电池系统的使用寿命是制约燃料电池汽车商业化发展的主要因素，因此通过示范运营项目的研究工作，分析燃料电池系统在道路工况下的性能衰减过程，阐明燃料电池系统性能衰退机制，是提高燃料电池汽车使用寿命的重要基础。本文通过对相关文献的探讨，回顾了燃料电池汽车示范运营项目的研究进展，介绍了燃料电池系统性能衰退的分析方法，指出了示范运营项目的主要研究内容主要包括运行工况分析和对电堆的性能衰退分析。重点介绍了数据驱动和基于模型的分析方法，同时对用于燃料电池电压分析的极化曲线，进行了稳态极化特性拟合的公式推导，并指出稳态极化特性拟合的结果只适用于特定的运行环境，不具有广泛的适用性。最后，本文总结了燃料电池汽车示范运营项目研究工作的重点和分析方法的发展趋势，为基于示范运营的燃料电池研究工作提供参考。

关键词: 燃料电池, 示范运营, 性能衰退, 数据分析

Abstract:

The fuel cell vehicle commercialization demonstration operation project aims to study the commercial application prospect of fuel cell vehicles and improve fuel cell vehicles in terms of economy, reliability, and life. It is an important way to promote the commercial development of fuel cell vehicles. The fuel cell system's service life is the main factor restricting the commercial development of fuel cell vehicles. Therefore, it is important to improve the service life of fuel cell vehicles, analyze the performance attenuation process of fuel cell systems under road working conditions, and clarify the performance degradation mechanism of fuel cell systems through the research work of the demonstration operation project. On the basis of the discussions of related studies, this paper reviews the research progress of the fuel cell vehicle demonstration operation project, introduces methods to analyze fuel cell system performance degradation, and points out that the main research contents of the demonstration operation project mainly include operating condition and performance degradation analyses of fuel cell stacks. The data-driven and model-based analysis methods are introduced emphatically. The function to fit the steady-state polarization characteristics is deduced from the polarization curve used in fuel cell voltage analysis. The fitting results of the steady-state polarization characteristics are only applicable to specific operating environments and have no wide applicability. Finally, this paper summarizes the emphases of the fuel cell vehicle demonstration operation project research and the development trend of the analysis methods to provide a reference for fuel cell research based on demonstration operation.

Key words: fuel cell, demonstration operation, performance degradation, data analysis

中图分类号:

TM 911.42

郑俊生, 戴宁宁, 赵坤, 余京男. 基于示范运营的燃料电池汽车性能衰退分析方法[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(2): 577-585.

Junsheng ZHENG, Ningning DAI, Kun ZHAO, Jingnan YU. Performance degradation analysis methods for fuel cell vehicles based on demonstration operations[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(2): 577-585.

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指标	一期奔驰客车	二期福田客车	二期上汽客车
车辆数/辆	3	3	6
电堆累计工作时间/h	5699	3646	26261
累计行驶里程/km	92116	75460	201196
总加氢量/kg	16621	5753	20281
氢气消耗率/kg·(100 km)^-1	18	9.56	11.6
完好车率/%	89	99	不详
各类故障总次数	67	22	不详

指标	SunLine AFCB	UCI AFCB	OCTA AFCB	SARTA AFCB
时间	2012.3—2018.7	2016.1—2018.7	2016.6—2018.7	2017.10—2018.7
车辆数/辆	7	1	1	5
电堆累计工作时间/h	38304	3813	2827	6786
累计行驶里程/km	815126	83790	59237	148903
氢气消耗率/kg·(100 km)^-1	11.12	11.95	9.57	12.86
总加氢量/kg	87640	9735	5392	18976
平均速度/km·h^-1	19.6	22	21	21.9
完好车率/%	74	78	55	65

指标	Aargau	Bolzano	London	Milan
车辆累计工作时间/h	60200	33500	133600	17400
累计行驶里程/百万公里	1.3	0.6	1.4	0.2
氢气消耗率/kg·(100 km)^-1	7.9	8.7	9.8	10.4
总加氢量/kg	102700	52200	137200	20800
完好车率/%	81	89	67	66

流程	分析对象	主要内容	目的
运行工况分析	系统	车速、运行里程、工作时间	总体上分析燃料电池系统的运行状况
	传动系统	功率需求、氢气消耗
	燃料电池	输出电流、输出功率
燃料电池衰退分析	电压	在特定电流下的平均电压衰退率	对燃料电池系统的性能衰退做出总体评价
	电压一致性	在特定电流下的电压一致性变化
	过电势	基于不同部分的过电势，分析性能衰退的原因
	不同区域的衰退	比较不同区域的燃料电池衰退情况

	常数部分		等效电阻r
	燃料电池模块1	燃料电池模块2	燃料电池模块1	燃料电池模块2
区域1	0.7790	0.7794	0.2759	0.3227
区域2	0.7826	0.7769	0.3027	0.3156
区域3	0.7812	0.7749	0.3132	0.3185
区域4	0.7787	0.7741	0.2920	0.3177
区域5	0.7718	0.7741	0.2729	0.3291
平均值	0.7787	0.7759	0.2913	0.3209
最大偏差	-0.89%	+0.45%	+7.52%	+2.56%