固体氧化物燃料电池镍基阳极积碳机理及性能提升策略研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0148

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

固体氧化物燃料电池(solid oxide fuel cell，SOFC)是一种高效清洁的能量转化装置，具有效率高、环境友好、燃料适用灵活等突出优势，有望成为新一代清洁能源。当前，SOFC阳极使用最广的是镍基材料，这得益于其低成本、优异的化学稳定性和催化效果等优点。但是，当SOFC以碳氢化合物为燃料时，镍基阳极上会产生大量积碳，严重破坏阳极结构，进而影响电池性能和运行稳定性。因此，探究固体氧化物燃料电池镍基阳极积碳机理与改善方法具有重要的科学意义。基于近年来SOFC镍基阳极积碳过程的前沿研究，本文综述了SOFC镍基阳极积碳机理及各种积碳改善策略的最新研究进展，并从优化阳极材料组成和操作条件等方面归纳总结了几种SOFC阳极材料的研究现状和未来发展方向，以期为高性能SOFC阳极材料的开发提供有价值的参考。

关键词: 固体氧化物燃料电池, 镍, 阳极材料, 积碳, 碳氢燃料

Abstract:

As an attractive energy conversion system, solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has a broad development prospect due to its high energy conversion efficiency, environmental friendliness, and wide fuel selectivity. To date, Ni-based anode is the most commonly used anode material for SOFCs from the view of low cost, good stability, and high catalytic activation. However, the carbon deposition is demonstrated to be a main issue when using hydrocarbon as the fuel, leading to the reduction of the output performance and operational stability of SOFCs. Therefore, it is of important scientific significance that the carbon deposition mechanism and promotion strategy of SOFCs are studied. We review recent advances in the carbon deposition mechanism and improvement strategy of Ni-based anode SOFCs. The latest research progress and future development direction of several anode materials are also summarized and analyzed. This work provides a valuable reference for the further development of high-performance SOFC anode materials.

Key words: solid oxide fuel cell, nickel, anode material, carbon deposition, hydrocarbon fuel

中图分类号:

TQ 152

韩婷婷, 吴玉玺, 解子恒, 孟秀霞, 张津津, 解玉姣, 于方永, 杨乃涛. 固体氧化物燃料电池镍基阳极积碳机理及性能提升策略研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(6): 1931-1942.

Tingting HAN, Yuxi WU, Ziheng XIE, Xiuxia MENG, Jinjin ZHANG, Yujiao XIE, Fangyong YU, Naitao YANG. Recent advances in carbon deposition mechanism and performance improvement of Ni-based anode for solid oxide fuel cells[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(6): 1931-1942.

图/表 7

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阳极	电解质/阴极	燃料	操作温度/℃	最大功率密度/(mW/cm²)	稳定性	文献
Ni-SDC/YSZ	YSZ/LSM-SDC	Methane	700	400	0.5 V下超过80 h	[24]
Ni-ScSZ/YSZ	YSZ/LSM	3% H₂O-CH₄	1000	850	1 A/cm², 1000 ℃下超过250 h	[28]
Ni-Cu/YSZ	YSZ/LSM	Methane	800	440	0.5 V下超过500 h	[25]
Ni-Sn/YSZ	YSZ/LSM	Wet methane	800	1010	0.3 A/cm², 650 ℃下超过120 h	[31]
5%BaO-Ni/YSZ	YSZ/LSM	Dry methane	800	22	20 A/cm²下超过8 h	[37]
Au-Ni/GDC	YSZ/LSM-YSZ	CH₄-rich Internal Steam	850	410	0.81 V下超过200 h	[38]
Au-Mo-Ni/GDC	YSZ/LSM	22 vol% H₂O-CH₄	800	—	57 A/cm²下超过140 h	[39]
Ni-GDC-NiMn₂O₄	GDC/LSCF-GDC	CH₄	700	1208	0.4 A/cm², 650 ℃下超过100 h	[40]
Ni_0.9Fe_0.1/GDC	GDC/LSCF	Dry methane	650	350	0.2 A/cm²下超过50 h	[41]
BaZr_0.1Ce_0.7Y_0.1Yb_0.1O_3-_δ	—	3% H₂O-CH₄	750	—	1.02 V下超过24 h	[44]
La_0.8Sr_0.2Cr_1-_xRu_xO_3-_δ-Gd_0.1Ce_0.9O_1.9	GDC/LSGM	H₂	800	530	0.3 A/cm²下超过300 h	[45]
Ba(Ce_0.9Y_0.1)_0.8Ni_0.2O_3-_δ/Gd_0.1Ce_0.9O_1.95	GDC/LSCF-GDC	CH₄	750	211	0.2 A/cm²下超过100 h	[48]
CeCoCu	YSZ-ScCeSc/LSM	Methane	850	446.4	—	[68]
CeO₂-Ni-YSZ	YSZ/LSM-YSZ	Ethanol	750	220	0.55 V下超过7 h	[69]
BaO-Ni-YSZ	YSZ/LSM-YSZ	Ethanol	750	110	0.8 V下超过8 h	[69]

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