基于锂离子嵌入模型的NCM811电池性能

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0368

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本工作以NCM811电池为主要研究目标，探究在正常工作情况下的电池性能。具体包括不同环境温度与放电倍率下的放电性能，以及初次循环与第2000次循环时的电池容量变化，得到电池的电压曲线，并将结果与NCM523电池以及NCA电池进行对比。同时，由于NCM811电池存在热安全问题，因此，探究了其在热失控情况下自身的电压与温升情况，总结了其温度传递规律，并与实验结果进行对照。基于上述结果得到：电池在正常工作情况下，NCM811电池在倍率充放电性能上表现优异，在大倍率充放电时电池容量保存较好，NCM523电池与NCA电池均表现出电池容量衰减；在电池的循环老化方面，与NCM523电池相同，NCM811电池也表现出明显的容量衰减，NCA电池容量几乎不发生变化；在高低温放电方面，电池在低温时的产热均高于高温时的产热，在相同的环境温度下，NCM811电池温升最为明显，存在较大的热安全隐患，NCM523电池与NCA电池升温较为平缓；在电池发生热失控时，电池电压突降至0 V，温度短时间内升至1200 K左右，仅在发生热失控的部分，温度随时间变化明显，其余部分温度趋于恒定。与实验过程相比，仿真过程热失控触发时间较晚，温度升高较快，电池最高温度较低。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 电压曲线, 温升曲线, 热失控

Abstract:

This paper explored the NCM811 battery as the main research target, focusing on its battery performance under normal working conditions. Specifically, its discharge performance at different ambient temperatures and discharge rates, including battery capacity changes during the first and 2000th cycles, and the voltage curve of the battery were obtained. Then, we compared the results with those of the NCM523 and the NCA batteries. At the same time, due to the thermal safety problem of the NCM811 battery, its voltage and temperature rise under thermal runaway conditions were explored, after which its temperature transmission law was summarized and compared with the experimental results. From the above investigations, we discovered that the NCM811 battery had excellent rate charge and discharge performances under normal working battery conditions, with the battery capacity being well preserved during high-rate charge and discharge. We also discovered that in terms of aging, although the NCM523 battery and the NCA battery showed battery-capacity decay, while the NCM811 battery showed obvious capacity decay similar to the NCM523 battery, the capacity of the NCA battery hardly changed. In terms of high-and low-temperature discharge, however, we observed that the heat production of the battery at a low temperature was higher than that at a high temperature. Under the ambient temperature of 100%, although the temperature rise of the NCM811 battery was the most obvious, with great thermal safety hazards being observed, the temperature rise of the NCM523 battery and NCA battery was relatively gentle when the battery thermal runaway occurred, with the battery voltage suddenly dropping to 0 V and the temperature rising to 1200 K in a short time. Besides, only in the part where thermal runaway occurred did the temperature change significantly with time, with the temperature in the rest appearing constant. Therefore, compared with the experimental process, the thermal runaway trigger time of the simulation process was later, the temperature rise was faster, and the maximum battery temperature was lower.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, voltage curve, temperature rise curve, thermal runaway

中图分类号:

TM 912.9

王洋, 张宇新, 卢旭, 刘龙. 基于锂离子嵌入模型的NCM811电池性能[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(12): 3748-3758.

Yang WANG, Yuxin ZHANG, Xu LU, Long LIU. Performance of an NCM811 battery based on a lithium-ion embedding model[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(12): 3748-3758.

图/表 19

图1

表1

表2

表3

图2

表4

模型内置公式"

反应过程	内置公式
固相电荷守恒	$∇ · i s = Q s = 0 i s = - σ s ∇ ϕ s$
液相电荷守恒	$∇ · i l = Q l i l = - σ l ∇ ϕ l + 2 σ l R g T F (1 + ∂ l n f ∂ l n c l) (1 - t +) ∇ l n c l$
固相离子守恒	$∂ c s ∂ t = ∇ · (D s ∇ c s)$
液相离子守恒	$∂ c l ∂ t + ∇ · J l = R l J l = - D l ∇ c l + i l t + F$
电化学动力学	$i l o c, e x p = i 0 e x p (α a F η R g T) - e x p (- α c F η R g T) i 0 = i 0, r e f (c s c s, r e f) α c (c s, m a x - c s c s, m a x - c s, r e f) α a (c l c l, r e f) α a$
传热	$ρ C p ∂ T ∂ t + ρ C p u • ∇ T + ∇ • q = H q = - k ∇ T$

表4

图3

图4

表5

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

图13

图14

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参数	数值
液相体积分数	0.4/0.5/0.4
液相电导率/(S/m)	式1
扩散系数/(m²/s)	式2
电荷传递系数	0.5/0.5

参数	NCM811	NCM523	NCA
负极材料	石墨	石墨	Li₄Ti₅O₁₂
隔膜材料	PP/PE	PP/PE	PP/PE
正极材料	Li(Ni_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1)O₂	Li(Ni_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3)O₂	Li(Ni_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05)O₂
粒子半径/μm	2	8	2
正极最大锂离子浓度/(mol/m³)	50 060	31 389	48 000
负极最大锂离子浓度/(mol/m³)	31 507	31 507	22 852
正极初始锂离子浓度/(mol/m³)	13 111	10 026	13 000
负极初始锂离子浓度/(mol/m³)	24 048	25 616	17 120
固体活性材料体积分数(负极/电解液/正极)	0.6/—/0.6	0.6/—/0.6	0.6/—/0.6
固相电导率/(S/m)	0.17	3.8	91
固相扩散系数/(m²/s)	见式3	见式4	见式5

参数	数值
x/mm	148
y/mm	79
z/mm	103
ρ/(kg/m³)	2345
c_p /[J/(kg·K)]	979.6
k_x /[W/(m·K)]	17.46
k_y /[W/(m·K)]	1.21
k_z /[W/(m·K)]	17.46

时间	155 s	157 s	159 s	161 s
电池温度
时间	163 s	165 s	167 s	169 s
电池温度

时间	155 s	157 s	159 s	161 s
电池温升速率
时间	163 s	165 s	167 s	169 s
电池温升速率