聚合物改性锂金属电池界面策略研究综述

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0180

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锂金属负极长期以来一直被认为是储能电池领域的“圣杯”，但负极表面枝晶的生长和锂金属的持续损耗使得锂金属电池无法稳定循环，甚至存在安全隐患，阻碍了其实际应用。为了解决枝晶生长和负极锂的损耗问题，研究人员提出了不同的界面改性方法。其中有机聚合物具有官能团丰富和结构多样的特点，在诱导锂离子均匀沉积和缓解体积效应方面具备优势，在锂金属负极改性中受到研究者青睐。本文分别从集流体改性、隔膜改性以及人工SEI膜构建的角度，介绍了聚合物应用于锂离子电池界面修饰的研究现状、发展趋势以及关键科学问题；分析了用于界面修饰聚合物的结构设计准则，探讨了聚合物的界面修饰方法，阐明了聚合物界面抑制枝晶生长、缓解体积效应的机制，最后对金属锂负极未来的研究方向和发展趋势进行了展望。

关键词: 锂金属电池, 锂金属负极, 锂枝晶, 聚合物

Abstract:

Lithium metal anodes have long been considered the "Holy Grail" in the field of energy storage batteries. However, the growth of dendrites on the anode surface and the continuous lithium metal loss make it impossible for lithium metal batteries to cycle stably, and even pose potential safety hazards, hindering their practical application. Researchers have proposed different interface modification methods to address these problems. Organic polymers with functional groups and diverse structures have advantages in inducing uniform lithium ion deposition and mitigating volume effects. They are favored by researchers in modifying lithium metal negative electrodes. This paper reviewed the strategies to improve the cycle stability of lithium metal batteries. Moreover, four major modification directions were introduced: electrolyte modification, current collector modification, separator modification, and artificial SEI membrane modification. The structural design criteria used for the interfacial modification of polymers were analyzed, and the methods of interfacial modification of polymers were discussed. Finally, the future research directions and development trends of metal lithium anode were prospected.

Key words: lithium metal battery, lithium metal anode, lithium dendrite, polymer

中图分类号:

TM 912

韩雨, 曹盛玲, 宁靖, 王康丽, 蒋凯, 周敏. 聚合物改性锂金属电池界面策略研究综述[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(8): 2491-2503.

Yu HAN, Shengling CAO, Jing NING, Kangli WANG, Kai JIANG, Min ZHOU. Strategies for interfacial modification in lithium metal batteries with polymers[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(8): 2491-2503.

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