储能科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (2): 483-491.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0554

• 储能材料与器件 • 上一篇    下一篇

堆叠式车载超级电容器热管理方式分析

唐盼春1,2(), 严嵘3,4, 张灿3, 孙泽1,5()   

  1. 1.国家盐湖资源综合利用工程技术研究中心，上海 200237
    2.华东理工大学化工学院，上海 200237
    3.国家车用超级电容器系统工程技术研究中心，上海奥威科技开发有限公司，上海 201203
    4.上海润通电动车技术有限公司，上海 201302
    5.青海民族大学化学化工学院，青海 西宁 810007
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-18 修回日期:2023-11-02 出版日期:2024-02-28 发布日期:2024-03-01
  • 通讯作者: 孙泽 E-mail:1498573694@qq.com;zsun@ecust.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:唐盼春（1999—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为超级电容器的热管理，E-mail：1498573694@qq.com；
  • 基金资助:
    国家车用超级电容器系统工程技术研究中心开放课题：“车用高能量超级电容单体/模块电-热耦合计算模型开发”(2021NUSV002);“车用高能量超级电容标准箱/系统热-流耦合计算模型开发”(2022NUSV001);上海市“科技创新行动计划”科技支撑碳达峰碳中和专项项目“适用于智能网联充电机器人的超级电容器关键技术研究”(21DZ1208501)

Simulation of air- and liquid-cooled thermal management of stacked automotive supercapacitors

Panchun TANG1,2(), Rong YAN3,4, Can ZHANG3, Ze SUN1,5()   

  1. 1.National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resource, Shanghai 200237, China
    2.School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
    3.National Engineering Research Center of Ultracapacitor System for Vehicles, Shanghai Aowei Technology Development Co. , Ltd, Shanghai 201203, China
    4.Shanghai Runtong Electric Vehicle Technology Co. , Ltd. , Shanghai 201302, China
    5.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University for Nationalities, Xining 810007, Qinghai, China
  • Received:2023-08-18 Revised:2023-11-02 Online:2024-02-28 Published:2024-03-01
  • Contact: Ze SUN E-mail:1498573694@qq.com;zsun@ecust.edu.cn

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摘要：

本研究使用COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0 软件对堆叠式车载超级电容器建立了有限元模型，并且针对空冷和液冷两种不同的热管理方式分别建立了热模型以对比其热管理效果。首先，在相同的参数变化范围内，分别研究了空冷和液冷两种方式的超级电容器的最高温度与换热介质的初始温度、在入口处的流速以及超级电容器模组的发热功率之间的关系。结果表明，换热介质的初始温度越高，超级电容器的发热功率越大，则超级电容器的最高温度越高，而换热介质在入口处的平均流速越大，则超级电容器的最高温度越低，且存在一个临界流速1.5m/s，超过该临界值之后，二者的相关性将大大减弱。此外，基于参数化研究结果，设定相同的操作参数，深入分析了这两种热管理方式的换热过程，解释了本研究中空冷和液冷在高度方向上温度梯度方向相反的现象，并从最高温度与温差、温度分布和换热时间三个方面对比了二者的热管理效果。结果表明，液冷超级电容器的最高温度更低，温差很小，温度分布十分均匀，且换热时间远少于空冷超级电容器，热管理效果更好。

关键词: 堆叠式超级电容器, 热管理, 热模型, 空冷, 液冷, 热流耦合

Abstract:

Finite element models were created for stacked automotive supercapacitors using COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0, and thermal models were developed for two different thermal management methods, air- and liquid-cooled, to compare their effects on thermal management. First, the correlations between the maximum temperature of air- and liquid-cooled supercapacitors and the initial temperature of the heat exchange medium, inlet flow rate, and heat generation power of the supercapacitor modules were investigated within the same parameter variation range. The results show that the higher initial temperature of the heat transfer medium and greater heating power of the supercapacitor lead to higher maximum temperatures of the supercapacitor. Conversely, a faster average flow rate of the heat exchange medium at the inlet results in lower maximum temperatures of the supercapacitor. A critical flow rate of 1.5 m/s exists, beyond which the correlation between flow rate and maximum temperature weakens greatly. Second, based on the parametric study results, the heat transfer processes of these two thermal management methods were analyzed in-depth by setting the same operating parameters. This analysis explains opposite heat gradient direction in the height dimension between air- and liquid-cooled methods. The comparison of thermal management effects of the two methodsincludes factors such as maximum temperature, temperature difference, temperature distribution, and heat exchange time. The results show that liquid-cooled supercapacitors exhibit lower maximum temperatures, smaller temperature differences, more uniform temperature distribution, and much less heat exchange time compared to air-cooled supercapacitors and have better thermal management effects.

Key words: stacked supercapacitor, thermal management, thermal model, air cooling, liquid cooling, heat flow coupling

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