基于AHP和TOPSIS-模糊综合评价的多场景储能选型方法

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0624

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目前储能技术路线多样，不同类型的储能各具应用前景，但储能选型需要综合考虑经济性、安全性等因素，是一个复杂的多目标决策问题，因此储能选型是工程应用中的关键问题之一。提出一种将层次分析法（analytic hierarchy process，AHP）和优劣解距离法（technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution，TOPSIS）-模糊综合分析法相结合的储能选型评价体系。首先，通过建立评价体系的判断矩阵，利用AHP获取指标权重；其次，将判断矩阵里量纲不同的指标类型用TOPSIS做规范化处理，以此获得更客观的权重向量，改善AHP法的主观性；而后，将指标权重对角化处理并与标准化后的矩阵相乘获得加权判断矩阵，并求取贴近度向量。最后，加权判断矩阵与模糊综合分析法关系矩阵相乘获取储能类型的隶属度评价结果，并以隶属度最大值所在的等级为最终评价，处于等级Ⅰ中最佳，等级Ⅱ次之并以此类推；由此通过TOPSIS获得更客观的权重向量，改善AHP法的主观性，得到的权重向量也更客观。最后以锂离子电池、钠硫电池和铅酸电池等七种储能类型在应用于削峰填谷、电网保供电和改善电压质量场景为例，并与现有的储能选型方法进行比较，体现该评价体系的创新，检验所提评价体系和选型方法的有效性。

关键词: 储能系统, 层次分析法, 优劣解距离法, 模糊综合评价法

Abstract:

The energy storage technology roadmap is diverse, and different types of energy storage have their application prospects. The selection of energy storage is a key issue in engineering applications. However, the selection of energy storage requires comprehensive consideration of factors such as economics and safety, making it a complex multi-objective decision-making problem. A hybrid energy storage selection evaluation system is proposed that combines the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) with a fuzzy comprehensive analysis method. First, the judgment matrix of the evaluation system is established, and then the indicator weights undergo diagonalization and multiplication with the standardized matrix to yield the weighted judgment matrix to obtain the proximity vector. The membership assessment results of energy storage types are obtained by multiplying the weighted judgment matrix with the correlation matrix of the fuzzy comprehensive analysis method. Data in grade I indicates the energy storage system is at its optimum level, grade II follows as the next tier, and so forth in descending order. Thus, by employing TOPSIS, a more objective weight vector can be obtained, mitigating the subjectivity inherent in the AHP method. Taking seven types of energy storage, such as lithium-ion batteries, sodium-sulfur batteries, and lead-acid batteries, applied to peak load shaving, grid supply, and voltage quality improvement scenarios as examples, a comparative analysis is conducted with existing energy storage selection methodologies, highlighting the innovative nature of this evaluation framework. The effectiveness of the proposed evaluation system and selection method is verified.

Key words: energy storage system, analytic hierarchy process(AHP), technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS), fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method

中图分类号:

TK 02

刘洋恺, 孙伟卿, 刘唯. 基于AHP和TOPSIS-模糊综合评价的多场景储能选型方法[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(2): 691-701.

Yangkai LIU, Weiqing SUN, Wei LIU. Multiscenario energy storage selection method based on AHP and TOPSIS-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(2): 691-701.

图/表 14

表1

图1

图2

表2

九级标度法含义"

标度	含义(对应两指标之间)
1	两指标同样重要
3	指标 $i$ 比指标 $j$ 稍微重要
5	指标 $i$ 比指标 $j$ 明显重要
7	指标 $i$ 比指标 $j$ 强烈重要
9	指标 $i$ 比指标 $j$ 极端重要
2、4、6、8	对应两指标的中间值
对应倒数	指标 $i$ 比指标 $j$ 重要性相反

表2

表3

平均随机一致性指标"

$n$	$R I$	$n$	$R I$
1	0	6	1.26
2	0	7	1.36
3	0.52	8	1.41
4	0.89	9	1.46
5	1.12	10	1.49

表3

表4

评分准则"

评价等级	等级制	评分准则	评分标准
很好	Ⅰ	$X i > x i 1$	$> s 1$
良好	Ⅱ	$x i 2 < X i ≤ x i 1$	$s 2 ∼ s 1$
一般	Ⅲ	$x i 3 < X i ≤ x i 2$	$s 3 ∼ s 2$
较差	Ⅳ	$x i 4 < X i ≤ x i 3$	$s 4 ∼ s 3$
很差	Ⅴ	$X i ≤ x i 4$	$< s 4$

表4

图3

图4

表5

图5

图6

表6

图7

表7

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储能类型	技术成熟度	优势	不足	响应时间	适用场景
抽水蓄能^[8]	商用	机组容量大、不受季节径流影响，具有出色的调峰、调频、调相、应急储备等功能	响应慢，选址受地理条件限制	分钟级	调峰、调压、调频
锂离子电池^[9]	商用-示范	高比能、长寿命、环保、配置灵活	高堆积密度和相对紧凑的工作环境会导致过热	秒级	调峰、调压、调频
全钒液流电池^[10]	示范	设计灵活、循环寿命长、深度放电容量大	能量转换效率低	秒级	调峰、调压、调频
先进绝热压缩空气储能^[11]	示范	为系统提供调峰、备用、无功调节等多种辅助服务，还具有冷热电联产的显著优势	响应慢	分钟级	调峰、调压、调频，促进新能源消纳
地下压缩空气储能^[12]	示范	利用地下洞穴等空间增加储能容量，且对环境影响较小	响应慢，且受环境因素限制，若开采人工硐室增加成本	分钟级	调峰、调压、调频，促进新能源消纳
飞轮储能^[13]	商用	效率高、体积小、寿命长、瞬时功率大、响应速度快等	受限于材料、技术和生产成本限制，单个飞轮的容量很难提高；功率密度低，多个飞轮组合需要合理的协调控制	毫秒级	调频，新能源电站
超级电容器储能^[14]	示范	维护要求低、充电速度快、循环寿命长、功率密度高、效率高、环保	成本高	毫秒级	调频，新能源消纳

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