低温钠离子电池电解液研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0376

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

发展大规模储能技术是实现清洁能源的高效利用，进而实现国家碳中和目标的关键。相较于目前广泛应用的锂离子电池，钠离子电池(sodium ion batteries，SIBs)原材料资源丰度高且成本低，是非常有潜力的一种大规模储能技术。近年来，SIBs在室温下表现出优异的电化学性能，但其在低温下的应用面临着诸多挑战，这极大地限制了其在极端环境下的应用。缓慢的钠离子扩散速率和较差的电荷转移动力学是导致SIBs低温下性能差的主要原因，而这与控制体相和界面离子传输的电解液密切相关。本文首先从电解液角度简要阐述了SIBs低温性能衰退的原因；然后，从传统电解液优化和新型低温电解液两个方面综述了低温电解液的研究进展，系统地总结了低温SIBs电解液中有关碳酸酯类溶剂、醚类溶剂、添加剂和溶剂化结构的相关研究；最后，对低温电解液的发展前景予以展望。

关键词: 钠离子电池, 低温, 电解液, 添加剂

Abstract:

A large-scale energy storage system is crucial for ensuring the stable, safe, and efficient operation of clean energy sources, which in turn facilitates the achievement of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. Unlike the widely utilized lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) offer promising potential as a large-scale energy storage technology due to the abundance of their raw materials and their low cost. Although SIBs demonstrate excellent electrochemical performance at room temperature, their performance remains significantly challenged at low temperatures, which limits their broad application in extreme conditions. This limitation is primarily attributed to the sluggish diffusion of sodium ions and slow charge transfer kinetics, which are closely related to the properties of the electrolyte governing bulk and interfacial ion transport. In this review, we first outline the reasons for the decline in the low-temperature performance of SIBs from the perspective of electrolytes. Subsequently, we review the current research on low-temperature electrolytes by the optimization of traditional electrolytes and the development of new low-temperature electrolytes, and we summarize the findings about the solvent, solute, additive, and solvation structure of low-temperature electrolytes. Finally, we summarize the future development directions for low-temperature electrolytes.

Key words: sodium ion battery, low temperatures, electrolyte, additives

中图分类号:

TM 911

王立锋, 任乃青, 杨海, 姚雨, 余彦. 低温钠离子电池电解液研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(7): 2206-2223.

Lifeng WANG, Naiqing REN, Hai YANG, Yu YAO, Yan YU. Advances in low-temperature electrolytes for sodium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(7): 2206-2223.

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