压缩空气储能系统透平负荷控制策略的研究与仿真实现

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0367

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对压缩空气储能系统中空气透平面临的变工况调节问题，本工作对采用节流+补气配气方式的空气透平进行了变工况分析，对比了透平负荷调节的分程控制和补气压力控制两种策略。首先建立了某10 MW/110 MWh压缩空气储能系统全工况动态仿真模型，通过多学科仿真建模技术实现了热力系统动态特性与控制系统的统一平台实时求解，得到了透平变工况动态特性，进一步验证了不同透平负荷控制策略的调节效果。仿真实验结果表明：考虑到在全滑压范围内透平负荷稳定输出和系统气耗率因素，分程控制策略性能更优，当节流阀未达到全开时，应进一步增加节流阀开度至最大，在额定进气参数下，分程控制策略可降低0.35%气耗率。

关键词: 透平负荷, 分程控制, 补气压力控制, 多学科仿真, 节流+补气, 压缩空气储能

Abstract:

Aiming at the problem of variable operating condition adjustment of the air turbine in the compressed air energy storage system, this paper analyzes the variable operating condition of the air turbine using the "throttling + air supplement" distribution mode, and compares the two strategies of the split range control and the air supplement pressure control of the turbine load regulation. Firstly, a dynamic simulation model of a 10MW/110MWh compressed air energy storage system under all working conditions was established. Through multidisciplinary simulation modeling technology, a unified platform was realized to solve the dynamic characteristics of the thermal system and the control system in real time, and the dynamic characteristics of the turbine under varying working conditions were obtained, and the adjustment effects of different turbine load control strategies were further verified. The simulation results show that: considering the factors of turbine load stability output and system gas consumption rate in the full sliding pressure range, the split range control strategy has higher performance. When the throttle control valve is not fully open, the throttle valve opening should be further increased to the maximum. Under the rated intake parameters, the split range control strategy can reduce the gas consumption rate by 0.35%.

Key words: turbine load, split-range control, supplementary air pressure control, multi-disciplinary simulation, throttle and supplementary air injection, compressed air energy storage (CAES)

中图分类号:

TK 02

赵峰, 杨明成, 郝宁, 陈东, 刘佳, 陈逸伦. 压缩空气储能系统透平负荷控制策略的研究与仿真实现[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(9): 3500-3508.

Feng ZHAO, Mingcheng YANG, Ning HAO, Dong CHEN, Chuanliang LIU, Yilun CHEN. Research and simulation implementation of turbine load control strategies in compressed air energy storage systems[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(9): 3500-3508.

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地点	功率/容量 /(MW/MWh)	透平配气方式	储气方式
江苏金坛	60/300	节流	盐穴
湖北应城	300/1500	节流+1段补气	盐穴
甘肃酒泉	300/1800	节流+2段补气	人工硐室
甘肃通渭	10/110	节流+2段补气	压力管道
内蒙古乌兰察布	60/240	节流+2段补气	压力容器+人工硐室

参数	工况1				工况2			工况3			工况4
参数	单位	设计值	仿真值	偏差/%	设计值	仿真值	偏差%	设计值	仿真值	偏差/%	设计值	仿真值	偏差/%
气库压力	MPa	10.76	10.76	0.00	7.93	7.93	0.00	6.83	6.83	0.00	5.66	5.66	0.00
气库出气流量	kg/s	24.31	24.43	0.51	24.31	24.17	-0.57	25.47	25.54	0.29	28.16	28.21	0.18
加热器1气侧温度	MPa	185.00	185.00	0.00	185.00	185.00	0.00	185.00	185.00	0.00	185.00	185.00	0.00
加热器2气侧温度	MPa	185.00	185.00	0.00	185.00	185.00	0.00	185.00	185.00	0.00	185.00	185.40	0.22
加热器3气侧温度	MPa	185.00	185.00	0.00	185.00	185.00	0.00	185.00	185.00	0.00	185.00	185.00	0.00
透平1#膨胀比	—	4.05	4.08	0.72	4.05	4.08	0.72	3.38	3.40	0.50	2.50	2.51	0.52
透平2#膨胀比	—	4.68	4.73	0.95	4.66	4.70	0.92	4.67	4.71	0.87	4.72	4.76	0.85
透平3#膨胀比	—	4.69	4.74	0.94	4.57	4.61	0.93	4.82	4.86	0.91	5.31	5.36	0.97
透平发电量	MW	10.00	10.00	0.04	10.00	10.01	0.05	10.00	10.00	0.02	10.00	10.01	0.05

工况	透平控制方式	透平进口温度/℃	节流阀CV值	释能时间/s	平均进气流量/(kg/s)	平均发电功率/MWh	气耗率/(kg/kWh)
1	分程控制	185	183.219	28830	23.209	9.998	8.357
2	补气压力控制	185	183.219	28770	23.266	10.000	8.376
3	分程控制	195	183.219	29545	22.648	9.999	8.154
4	补气压力控制	195	183.219	29405	22.761	10.005	8.190
5	分程控制	175	183.219	28110	23.804	9.998	8.571
6	补气压力控制	175	183.219	28165	23.767	9.980	8.573
7	分程控制	185	201.5409	28880	23.178	9.997	8.347
8	补气压力控制	185	201.5409	28775	23.263	9.998	8.376