室温钠硫电池硫化钠正极的发展现状与应用挑战

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0371

储能科学与技术 ›› 2022, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (9): 2811-2824.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0371

室温钠硫电池硫化钠正极的发展现状与应用挑战

张斌伟¹^,²(), 魏子栋¹^,²(), 孙世刚²^,³()

^1.重庆大学化学化工学院
^2.重庆大学前沿交叉学科研究院先进电能源化学研究中心，重庆 400044
^3.厦门大学化学化工学院固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室，福建厦门 361005

收稿日期:2022-07-01 修回日期:2022-07-15 出版日期:2022-09-05 发布日期:2022-08-30
通讯作者: 魏子栋,孙世刚 E-mail:binwei@cqu.edu.cn;zdwei@cqu.edu.cn;sgsun@xmu.edu.cn
作者简介:张斌伟（1988—），男，副教授，主要研究方向为电化学能源领域的催化机制，E-mail：binwei@cqu.edu.cn；
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(52021004);中央高校基本业务费(2022CDJXY-003)

The recent progress and future opportunities of Na₂S cathode for room temperature sodium sulfur batteries

Binwei ZHANG¹^,²(), Zidong WEI¹^,²(), Shigang SUN²^,³()

^1.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University
^2.Center of Advanced Energy Technology and Electrochemistry, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
^3.State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China

Received:2022-07-01 Revised:2022-07-15 Online:2022-09-05 Published:2022-08-30
Contact: Zidong WEI, Shigang SUN E-mail:binwei@cqu.edu.cn;zdwei@cqu.edu.cn;sgsun@xmu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

室温钠硫电池以其高能量密度、资源丰富、价格低廉等优势有望在大规模储能、动力电池等领域实现广泛应用而备受青睐。其中，室温钠硫电池的放电最终产物硫化钠，可以作为正极材料，不仅理论比容量高(686 mAh/g)，且可以与非钠金属负极(如硬碳、锡金属)匹配从而避免直接使用钠金属负极带来的安全隐患等优点逐渐成为研究热点。然而由于硫化钠正极材料的本征电导率低、反应活性差、与多硫化物的可逆循环差等缺点限制了其实际比容量和循环寿命。本文通过对硫化钠正极材料的工作机理深入探讨，从材料理性设计和电池结构构造的角度入手，着重讨论硫化钠正极材料本征电导性和与多硫化物的可逆循环性的提升策略，并重点介绍了硫化钠正极材料的近期研究进展。最后，面向硫化物正极材料的实际化应用需求，凝练出推动其进一步发展的重要研究方向。

关键词: 室温钠硫电池, 硫化钠正极, 电导率, 穿梭效应, 长循环寿命

Abstract:

Room temperature sodium sulfur batteries are regarded as the next generation of large-scale energy storage systems because of its high energy density and the abundant resources of sodium and sulfur. Na₂S is a promising cathode material that possesses a high theoretical capacity (686 mAh/g), and is able to be coupled with non-sodium metal anode (e.g., hard carbon or Sn), which can get rid of the safety issues related to sodium metal. However, the electronically insulating nature and the poor reactivity of Na₂S, and its low kinetics conversion to polysulfides result in a large first-charge overpotential and poor cycle life, limiting their practical application. Herein, the fundamental knowledge and principle of storage sodium of Na₂S is detailed discussed. Additionally, recent reports on enhanced electrochemical performance strategies are comprehensively reviewed in detail with an emphasis on carbon-based Na₂S composite materials, Na₂S morphological structure design, Na₂S electrocatalytic mechanism, and device design. Finally, the perspectives are proposed on the future opportunities for Na₂S cathode material that are obstructing more practical Na₂S cathode based batteries.

Key words: room temperature sodium sulfur batteries, Na₂S cathode, conductivity, shuttle effect, long cycle life

中图分类号:

TM 911

张斌伟, 魏子栋, 孙世刚. 室温钠硫电池硫化钠正极的发展现状与应用挑战[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(9): 2811-2824.

Binwei ZHANG, Zidong WEI, Shigang SUN. The recent progress and future opportunities of Na₂S cathode for room temperature sodium sulfur batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(9): 2811-2824.

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室温钠硫电池硫化钠正极的发展现状与应用挑战

The recent progress and future opportunities of Na₂S cathode for room temperature sodium sulfur batteries

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室温钠硫电池硫化钠正极的发展现状与应用挑战

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The recent progress and future opportunities of Na₂S cathode for room temperature sodium sulfur batteries