基于锂掺杂分子筛改性隔膜的高性能锂硫电池

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0340

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锂硫电池在下一代高能量密度可充电电池中极具吸引力，但多硫化物严重的穿梭效应阻碍了它的实际应用。本工作利用离子交换法成功地制备了一种锂掺杂分子筛(Li@CHA)，并将其与氧化石墨烯(GO)结合用于修饰常规聚丙烯隔膜，以缓解锂硫电池的穿梭效应问题。借助扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、氮气吸-脱附法以及电化学测试，深入研究了Li@CHA的形貌、结构及用于锂硫电池的电化学性能。研究显示，Li@CHA可在隔膜表面充当“离子筛”，有效抑制多硫化物阴离子的自由穿梭，并提高锂离子的传输性能。此外，GO也可以通过化学吸附进一步抑制穿梭效应，并改善修饰层的导电性，降低电池阻抗。因此，采用这种改性隔膜的锂硫电池表现出增强的反应动力学、出色的倍率性能和稳定的循环性能，在3 C下获得了638 mAh/g的高倍率容量，在0.5 C下循环500圈后仍具有71.0%的高容量保持率。本工作为抑制多硫化物的穿梭效应提供了一条新的思路，有望进一步推动锂硫电池的实际应用。

关键词: 分子筛, 锂掺杂, 隔膜, 穿梭效应, 锂硫电池

Abstract:

Although lithium-sulfur batteries are attractive for next-generation high-energy-density rechargeable batteries, their practical uses are limited by the severe shuttle effect of polysulfides. In this study, a lithium-doped zeolite (Li@CHA) was effectively prepared using an ion-exchange technique and combined with graphene oxide (GO) to alter the conventional polypropylene separator to alleviate the shuttling problem of lithium-sulfur batteries. The morphology, structure, and electrochemical performance of Li@CHA were thoroughly studied using a scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption technique and electrochemical measurements. The results revealed that the Li@CHA could act as an "ionic sieve" of the separator, efficiently hindering the free shuttle of polysulfide anions and enhancing the transport performance of Li⁺. Additionally, GO could suppress the shuttle effect through chemisorption, and improve the conductivity of the altered layer, thereby reducing the impedance of the battery. Hence, the lithium-sulfur battery employing the modified separator demonstrated enhanced reaction kinetics, excellent rate capability, and stable cycling performance, achieving a high rate capacity of 638 mAh/g at 3 C and a high capacity retention rate of 71.0% after 500 cycles at 0.5 C. This work provides a novel idea for suppressing the shuttle effect of polysulfides, which is anticipated to further promote the practical application of lithium-sulfur batteries.

Key words: zeolite, lithium-doped, separator, shuttle effect, lithium-sulfur batteries

中图分类号:

O 646

王小飞, 蓝大为, 张道明, 薛浩亮, 周思飞, 刘闯, 李骏, 王振东. 基于锂掺杂分子筛改性隔膜的高性能锂硫电池[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(11): 3447-3454.

Xiaofei WANG, Dawei LAN, Daoming ZHANG, Haoliang XUE, Sifei ZHOU, Chuang LIU, Jun LI, Zhendong WANG. High-performance lithium-sulfur batteries enabled by a separator modified by lithium-doped zeolite[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(11): 3447-3454.

图/表 9

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