储能锂离子电池高温诱发热失控特性研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0121

储能科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (7): 2425-2431.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0121

储能锂离子电池高温诱发热失控特性研究

刘承鑫¹^,²(), 李梓衡¹, 陈泽宇¹(), 李鹏祥², 陶庆一¹

^1.东北大学机械工程与自动化学院，辽宁沈阳 110819
^2.宁夏理工学院机械工程学院，宁夏石嘴山 753000

收稿日期:2024-02-18 修回日期:2024-04-26 出版日期:2024-07-28 发布日期:2024-07-23
通讯作者: 陈泽宇 E-mail:2170180@stu.neu.edu.cn;chenzy@mail.neu.edu.cn
作者简介:刘承鑫（2000—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为储能系统电池安全技术，E-mail：2170180@stu.neu.edu.cn；
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(51977029);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2023AA03373);辽宁省科技计划项目(2022JH2/101300225)

Characterization study on overheat-induced thermal runaway for lithium-ion battery in energy storage

Chengxin LIU¹^,²(), Ziheng LI¹, Zeyu CHEN¹(), Pengxiang LI², Qingyi TAO¹

^1.School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China
^2.School of Mechanical Engineering, Ningxia Institute of Technology, Shizuishan 753000, Ningxia, China

Received:2024-02-18 Revised:2024-04-26 Online:2024-07-28 Published:2024-07-23
Contact: Zeyu CHEN E-mail:2170180@stu.neu.edu.cn;chenzy@mail.neu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

储能系统是新型电力系统的重要支撑，锂离子电池储能是当前主流发展方向之一。电池安全性是制约锂电储能系统的重要技术瓶颈。本文研究了锂离子电池高温诱发热失控的电热响应特性，设计了在自然对流换热情况下的逐级升温实验，基于谢苗诺夫理论对电池不同阶梯温度点的失效规律进行了分析，结合电池内部副反应探究了各温度区间的电压变化、电压平均下降率以及自生热特性。研究表明电池在140~160 ℃区间爆发热失控、最高温度达到464.6 ℃，热失控过程中的破裂漏气现象对最高温度有着显著影响；当电池荷电状态降低为50%时，电池可由热失控转为功能性失效。研究结论为进一步的安全管理与热失控抑制研究提供了基础。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 电池安全, 热失控, 过温故障, 热分析

Abstract:

Energy storage systems play a crucial role in the advancement of modern electric power systems. Among these, lithium-ion battery energy storage is a key area of focus. A technical challenge hindering the application of lithium-ion batteries in energy storage is safety. This paper explores the electrical and thermal characteristics of battery thermal runaway triggered by overheating. A stepwise heating experiment, employing natural convection heat transfer, was conducted to analyze the failure modes of batteries at various temperature thresholds using the Semenov theory. This research examines changes in voltage, the average voltage drop rate, and self-heating characteristics across different temperatures, considering internal side reactions. Results indicate that thermal runaway occurs at 140—160 ℃, peaking at a maximum temperature of 464.6 ℃. The phenomena of rupture and gas leakage during the thermal runaway considerably influence the peak temperature observed. Furthermore, when the state of charge of the battery is reduced to 50%, the battery transitions from thermal runaway to functional failure. These findings provide a foundation for future research on safety management and mitigation of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, battery safety, thermal runaway, overheat fault, thermal analysis

中图分类号:

TK 02

刘承鑫, 李梓衡, 陈泽宇, 李鹏祥, 陶庆一. 储能锂离子电池高温诱发热失控特性研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(7): 2425-2431.

Chengxin LIU, Ziheng LI, Zeyu CHEN, Pengxiang LI, Qingyi TAO. Characterization study on overheat-induced thermal runaway for lithium-ion battery in energy storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(7): 2425-2431.

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参考文献 13

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基本特征	常规参数
标称容量	3.55 Ah
标称电压	3.70 V
上截止电压	4.20 V
下截止电压	3.00 V
标准充电电流	1.70 A
最大持续放电电流	102 A
内阻	＜5.0 mΩ

特征温度点	第一组SOC100%电池	第二组SOC100%电池
自生热起始温度T1	120.1 ℃	121.5 ℃
热失控触发温度T2	156.9 ℃	170.5 ℃
热失控最高温度T3	464.6 ℃	335.9 ℃

温度范围/℃	电压下降值/V	电压平均下降速率/(V/h)	自生热值/℃
20~60	0.008	0.0048	0
60~80	0.010	0.0054	0
80~100	0.019	0.0121	0
100~120	0.031	0.0214	0.8
120~140	0.400	0.0835	16.9

温度范围/℃	电压下降值/V	电压平均下降速率/(V/h)	自生热值/℃
20~60	0.010	0.0075	0
60~80	0.010	0.0075	0
80~100	0.018	0.0135	0
100~120	0.030	0.0234	1.8
120~140	0.400	0.1425	5.8

温度范围/℃	电压下降值/V	电压平均下降速率/(V/h)
20~60	0.003	0.0023
60~80	0.004	0.0030
80~100	0.005	0.0038
100~120	0.008	0.0061
120~140	0.020	0.0152

储能锂离子电池高温诱发热失控特性研究

Characterization study on overheat-induced thermal runaway for lithium-ion battery in energy storage

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