钛系金属氢化物储氢反应器的设计和吸放氢过程数值研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0353

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

钛系储氢合金因其高室温体积储氢密度、快速吸放氢响应、低吸放氢压力、资源丰富及优异的可逆性，成为储氢领域的重要研究方向。然而，目前针对钛系金属氢化物储氢反应器吸放氢速率调控机制的研究较为有限。为优化吸放氢性能，本工作设计了一种便于拆装和填料的高换热性能钛系金属氢化物储氢反应器，并基于压力-组成-温度(P-C-T)曲线拟合TiFe_0.8Mn_0.2的吸放氢动力学参数，建立了流动、传热和化学反应多物理场耦合的三维仿真模型，准确模拟了不同温度条件下的吸放氢动力学行为。基于该模型，本工作系统研究了氢气进出口压力、隔板间距、换热流体入口温度和流速等关键参数对吸放氢性能的影响。结果表明，在氢气进口压力为3 MPa、初始孔隙率为0.4、隔板间距为d、冷却流体量纲为1温度为0.083的条件下，饱和吸氢后反应器的体积储氢密度可达55.4 g/L，在量纲为1时间为0.219时金属氢化物反应分数达到0.95，具有较高的能量密度和反应速率；在氢气出口压力为0.3 MPa、隔板间距为d、加热流体无量纲温度为1的情况下，反应结束时放氢量达到饱和吸氢量的88.6%，量纲为1时间为1时放氢量为饱和吸氢量的84.8%，为大型储氢装置的设计提供了重要指导。

关键词: 反应动力学, 数值模拟, 储氢反应器, 换热效率

Abstract:

Titanium-based hydrogen storage alloys have emerged as a prominent focus of research due to their high volumetric hydrogen storage density at room temperature, fast absorption/desorption kinetics, low operating pressures, abundant availability, and excellent reversibility. However, studies exploring the control of hydrogen absorption and desorption rates within titanium-based metal hydride reactors remain limited. To address this gap, this study presents the design and simulation of a titanium-based metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor optimized for assembly efficiency, refillability, and enhanced thermal management. Hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetic parameters of TiFe_0.8Mn_0.2 were extracted from pressure-composition-temperature (P-C-T) curves, and a three-dimensional, coupled multiphysics model integrating fluid flow, heat transfer, and reaction kinetics was developed to simulate the system's behavior under varying thermal conditions. The model was used to evaluate the influence of key design and operational variables—including hydrogen inlet and outlet pressure, spacer distance, heat transfer fluid temperature, and flow rate-on reactor performance. The results show that under the conditions of hydrogen inlet pressure of 3 MPa, initial porosity of 0.4, baffle spacing of d, and dimensionless cooling fluid temperature of 0.083, the volumetric hydrogen storage density of the reactor after saturated hydrogen absorption can reach 55.4 g/L. At a dimensionless time of 0.219, the reaction fraction of metal hydride reaches 0.95, demonstrating high energy density and fast reaction rate. Under the conditions of hydrogen outlet pressure of 0.3 MPa, baffle spacing of d, and dimensionless heating fluid temperature of 1, the hydrogen release amount at the end of the reaction reaches 88.6% of the saturated hydrogen absorption amount. At a dimensionless time of 1, the hydrogen release amount is 84.8% of the saturated hydrogen absorption amount, providing important guidance for the design of large-scale hydrogen storage devices.

Key words: reaction kinetics, numerical simulation, metal hydride reactor, heat transfer efficiency

中图分类号:

TK 02

袁思哲, 刘宇豪, 赵长颖. 钛系金属氢化物储氢反应器的设计和吸放氢过程数值研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(10): 3955-3967.

Sizhe YUAN, Yuhao LIU, Changying ZHAO. Designing a titanium-based hydride hydrogen storage reactor and numerical simulation of the hydrogen absorption and desorption process[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(10): 3955-3967.

图/表 14

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图2

表1

仿真模拟中主要物理参数[22]"

参数	TiFe_0.8Mn_0.2	H₂	Al	304不锈钢
密度 $ρ$ /(kg/m³)	6206.7	0.0899	2700	7930
比热容 $c p$ /[J/(kg $⋅$ K)]	500	14300	900	500
热导率 $k$ /[W/(m $⋅$ K)]	4	0.17	238	16.3
摩尔质量 $M$ /[kg/mol]	0.103538	0.002016
吸氢速率常数 $C a$ /s^-1	1.75
放氢速率常数 $C d$ /s^-1	42.04
吸氢活化能 $E a$ /(J/mol)	13840
放氢活化能 $E d$ /(J/mol)	27000
吸氢反应焓 $Δ H a b$ /(J/mol)	-23200
放氢反应焓 $Δ H d e$ /(J/mol)	27700
理想气体常数R/[J/(mol $⋅$ K)]		8.314
初始孔隙率 $ε 0$	0.4
体积膨胀系数 $V V 0$	1.15
渗透率 $κ$ /m²	10^-8

表1

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