Research progress of calcium battery

doi:10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2018.0150

Abstract

Abstract: The development of multivalent batteries is promising for resolving lithium batteries' bottlenecks, such as safety issue, high cost and limited energy density. Calcium (Ca) is more abundant, and has lower standard reduction potential (-2.87 V) and density than zinc and magnesium. However, Ca-based battery gets less attention than other multivalent batteries, which is mainly due to the limitation of Ca²⁺ transport through the solid electrolyte interphase (passivation layer formed at the interface between Ca anode and organic electrolyte), and thus the inefficient stripping/plating processes. Meanwhile, another challenge in this field concerns the development of Ca²⁺-storage electrode materials and in-depth understanding of the ingress process is required. Here, we introduce recent research progress on the electrochemical behavior of metallic Ca and its alloys in various electrolytes, as well as the intercalation (Prussian blue analogs, vanadium oxides, etc.) and conversion (Ca-sulfur batteries, Ca-oxygen batteries) cathode materials.

Key words: multivalent batteries, calcium batteries, electrolytes, cathode materials

CLC Number:

TQ911

YANG Wuhai, ZHAO Jingwen, WANG Cunguo, CUI Guanglei. Research progress of calcium battery[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2019, 8(1): 26-31.

References

[1] MULDOON J, BUCUR C B, GREGORY T. Quest for nonaqueous multivalent secondary batteries:Magnesium and beyond[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2014, 114(23):11683-11720.
[2] WANG D, GAO X W, CHEN Y H, et al. Plating and stripping calcium in an organic electrolyte[J]. Nature Materials, 2018, 17:16-20.
[3] PONROUCH A, FRONTERA C, BARDÉ F, et al. Towards a calcium-based rechargeable battery[J]. Nature Materials, 2015, 15:169-172.
[4] STANIEWICZ R J. A study of the calcium-thionyl chloride electrochemical system[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 1980, 127(4):782-789.
[5] AURBACH D, SKALETSKY R, GOFER Y. The electrochemical behavior of calcium electrodes in a few organic electrolytes[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 1991, 138(12):3536-3545.
[6] SAMMELLS A F, SCHUMACHER B. Secondary calcium solid electrolyte high temperature battery[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 1986, 133(1):235-236.
[7] PONROUCH A, TCHITCHEKOVA D, FRONTERA C, et al. Assessing Si-based anodes for Ca-ion batteries:Electrochemical decalciation of CaSi₂[J]. Electrochemistry Communications, 2016, 66:75-78.
[8] KIM H, BOYSEN D A, OUCHI T, et al. Calcium-bismuth electrodes for large-scale energy storage (liquid metal batteries)[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2013, 241:239-248.
[9] OUCHI T, KIM H, SPATOCCO B L, et al. Calcium-based multi-element chemistry for grid-scale electrochemical energy storage[J]. Nature Communications, 2016, 7:doi:10.1038/ncomms10999.
[10] WANG M, JIANG C L, ZHANG S Q, et al. Reversible calcium alloying enables a practical room-temperature rechargeable calcium-ion battery with a high discharge voltage[J]. Nature Chemistry, 2018, 10:667-672.
[11] GRABNER E W, KALWELLIS-MOHN S. Hexacyanoferrate layers as electrodes for secondary cells[J]. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 1987, 17(3):653-656.
[12] WANG R Y, WESSELLS C D, HUGGINS R A, et al. Highly reversible open framework nanoscale electrodes for divalent ion batteries[J]. Nano Letters, 2013, 13(11):5748-5752.
[13] PADIGI P, GONCHER G, EVANS D, et al. Potassium barium hexacyanoferrate-A potential cathode material for rechargeable calcium ion batteries[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2015, 273:460-464.
[14] PADIGI P, KUPERMAN N, THIEBES J, et al. Calcium cobalt hexacyanoferrate cathodes for rechargeable divalent ion batteries[J]. Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems, 2016, 19(2):57-64.
[15] LIPSON A L, PAN B F, LAPIDUS S H, et al. Rechargeable Ca-ion Batteries:A new energy storage system[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2015, 27(24):8442-8447.
[16] LIPSON A L, HAN S D, KIM S, et al. Nickel hexacyanoferrate, a versatile intercalation host for divalent ions from nonaqueous electrolytes[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2016, 325:646-652.
[17] TOJO T, SUGIURA Y, INADA R, et al. Reversible calcium ion batteries using a dehydrated Prussian Blue analogue cathode[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2016, 207:22-27.
[18] KUPERMAN N, PADIGI P, GONCHER G, et al. High performance Prussian Blue cathode for nonaqueous Ca-ion intercalation battery[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2017, 342:414-418.
[19] WHITTINGHAM M S. The role of ternary phases in cathode reactions[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 1976, 123(3):315-320.
[20] AMATUCCI G G, BADWAY F, SINGHAL A, et al. Investigation of yttrium and polyvalent ion intercalation into nanocrystalline vanadium oxide[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Scociety, 2001, 148(8):A940-A950.
[21] BERVAS M, KLEIN L C, AMATUCCI G G. Vanadium oxide-propylene carbonate composite as a host for the intercalation of polyvalent cations[J]. Solid State Ionics, 2005, 176(37/38):2735-2747.
[22] HAYASHI M, ARAI H, OHTSUKA H, et al. Electrochemical characteristics of calcium in organic electrolyte solutions and vanadium oxides as calcium hosts[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2003, 119-121:617-620.
[23] LIPSON A L, KIM S, PAN B F, et al. Calcium intercalation into layered fluorinated sodium iron phosphate[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2017, 369:133-137.
[24] CABELLO M, NACIMIENTO F, GONZÁLEZ J R, et al. Advancing towards a veritable calcium-ion battery:CaCo₂O₄, positive electrode material[J]. Electrochemistry Communications, 2016, 67:59-64.
[25] TCHITCHEKOVA D S, PONROUCH A, VERRELLI R, et al. Electrochemical intercalation of calcium and magnesium in TiS₂:Fundamental studies related to multivalent battery applications[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2018, 30(3):847-856.
[26] SEE K A, GERBEC J A, JUN Y S, et al. A high capacity calcium primary cell based on the Ca-S system[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2013, 3(8):1056-1061.
[27] REINSBERG P, BONDUE C J, BALTRUSCHAT H. Calcium-oxygen batteries as a promising alternative to sodium-oxygen batteries[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2016, 120(39):22179-22185.
[28] SHIGA T, KATO Y, HASE Y. Coupling of nitroxyl radical as an electrochemical charging catalyst and ionic liquid for calcium plating/stripping toward a rechargeable calcium-oxygen battery[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2017, 5:13212-13219.