Lithium-ion battery safety warning methods review

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0158

Abstract

Abstract:

Since its invention, the lithium-ion battery has been widely used in various aspects of human life due to its advantages of high-energy density and long cycle life, among others. However, the safety problem of the lithium-ion battery cannot be ignored. Accidents, such as fire hazards and explosions caused by the thermal runaway of a lithium-ion battery cause inevitable property loss and casualties. Hence, many researchers have been paying attention to the safety problems of the lithium-ion battery. This study analyzes existing early warming methods of the lithium-ion battery thermal runaway from characteristic parameters like temperature, resistance, voltage, and inside pressure and the produced gas of the batteries combined with the knowledge of thermal runaway, concludes the normal early warning methods, and performs analyzation and prospect of the development of future early battery warming methods.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, warning methods, characteristic parameters, temperature, characteristic gas

CLC Number:

TM 911

Yilin LAI, Kai YANG, Hao LIU, Shujun ZHANG, Mingjie ZHANG, Maosong FAN. Lithium-ion battery safety warning methods review[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(6): 1926-1932.

Figures/Tables 7

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Table 1

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Table 2

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编号	T/℃	化学反应	热量/J·g^-1	说明
1	90～120	SEI膜分解	—	—
2	110～150	Li_xC₆与电解质反应	350	钝化膜破裂
3	130～180	PE隔膜熔化	-190	吸热
4	160～190	PP隔膜熔化	-90	吸热
5	180～500	Li_0.3NiO₂与电解质的分解	600	释氧温度约200 ℃
6	220～500	Li_0.45NiO₂与电解质的分解	450	释氧温度约230 ℃
7	150～300	Li_0.1Mn₂O₄与电解质的分解	450	释氧温度约300 ℃
8	130～220	溶剂与LiPF₆反应	250	能量较低
9	240～350	Li_xC₆与PVDF反应	1500	剧烈的链增长
10	660	铝集流体的熔化	-395	吸热

检测项目	测试结果及样品标识
检测项目	1^#电池表面60 ℃	2^#电池表面70 ℃	3^#电池表面78 ℃	4^#电池表面86.7 ℃	5^#电池表面100 ℃	6^#电池停止充电后
CO	17.4×10^-6	0.15×10^-2	0.34×10^-2	0.51×10^-2	0.69×10^-2	0.78×10^-2
CO₂	0.079×10^-2	0.61×10^-2	1.34×10^-2	2.76×10^-2	4.46×10^-2	4.98×10^-2
N₂	78.47×10^-2	77.36×10^-2	76.21×10^-2	73.55×10^-2	69.94×10^-2	68.79×10^-2
C₂H₄	0.69×10^-6	105×10^-6	436×10^-6	0.34×10^-2	1.16×10^-2	1.64×10^-2
C₃H₆	<0.2×10^-6	<0.2×10^-6	0.32×10^-6	2.0×10^-6	23×10^-6	22×10^-6
O₂	21.07×10^-2	20.73×10^-2	20.37×10^-2	19.64×10^-2	18.63×10^-2	18.29×10^-2

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