The passivation of Li anode and its application in energy storage

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0409

Abstract

Abstract:

Lithium (Li) metal anode is a highly promising candidate for next-generation high-energy-density batteries, leading the future development of batteries to satisfy the ever-growing demand of energy storage. However, the uncontrollable reaction happens easily when ultrahigh active metallic lithium is exposed to the ambient environment, induce deterioration of electrochemical properties or even severe safety issues such as fire, combustion, explosion. The stabilization (passivation) of Li is of great significance to the safety and simplicity of industrial application. This review first briefly introduces the corrosion mechanism of lithium metal in air and suggests that the uncontrolled reaction of lithium metal with a variety of substances is an important cause of application safety problems. It then introduces the progress of lithium metal anode passivation technology from three aspects, including: i. physical protection by ex-situ physical coating such as ALD, MLD, magnetron sputtering and vacuum coating and spin coating; ii. lithium surface treatment by in-situ surface chemistry to produce protective layers such as lithium alloys, inorganic compounds, solid electrolytes and organic compounds; iii. architecture design to obtain a stable lithium metal anode. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are also analysed in relation to their process principles. Afterwards, the passivation mechanism and recent progress of application such as pre-lithiation, lithium-based batteries in conventional electrolyte systems and all-solid-state lithium batteries in energy storage are discussed. Finally, we propose some possible perspectives of lithium metal anode passivation technology in terms of addressing issues such as high costs and overall environmental protection.

Key words: lithium metal anode, high-energy batteries, air stability, surface passivation, pre-lithiation

CLC Number:

TM 912

Weihui LI, Xingguo ZHONG, Huiqiao LI. The passivation of Li anode and its application in energy storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(3): 974-986.

Figures/Tables 6

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