Health state estimation of lithium-ion batteries based on attention augmented BiGRU

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0099

Abstract

Abstract:

Lithium-ion batteries' state of health (SOH) is the central concern of a battery management system. An accurate evaluation of SOH can ensure that batteries operate safely and reliably. However, in practice, it is difficult to measure capacity, which makes SOH estimation difficult directly. To obtain accurate SOH, this paper proposes an attentional improved bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU)-based SOH estimation method for lithium-ion batteries. Firstly, parameters such as voltage, current, and impedance are extracted from the charge-discharge curve of the battery, and the auto encoder reduces the dimensions to extract the features and reduce the redundancy between the data. Secondly, an attention mechanism is introduced to assign weight to input variables and highlight the characteristic quantities that play a key role in SOH estimation. Finally, the BiGRU is used to learn the mapping relationship between input variables and capacity and capture long-term dependence under capacity decay. The results of the University of Maryland battery datasets with different charging rates show that the proposed method can estimate SOH with high precision for different types of batteries, with a root mean square error of less than 1.1%.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, state of health(SOH), attention mechanism, auto encoder, bidirectional gated recurrent unit

CLC Number:

TM 912

Fan WANG, Yongsheng SHI, Boqin LIU, Yujie ZUO, Zheng FU, Jamsher ALI. Health state estimation of lithium-ion batteries based on attention augmented BiGRU[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(6): 2326-2333.

Figures/Tables 11

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健康因子	电池型号
健康因子	CS36	CS37	CX37
末端电压值/V	-0.9722	-0.9729	-0.9105
内阻/Ω	-0.9836	-0.9874	-0.8044
电压变化率/(V/s)	0.7109	0.7218	0.9379
测试时间/s	0.9803	0.9721	0.8336
放电能量/(W·h)	0.9980	0.9971	0.9797
放电深度/(A·h)	0.8573	0.8625	0.8432

方法	评价指标	CS36	CS37	CX37
SVM	R_RMSE	0.036	0.034	0.030
	M_MAE	0.025	0.026	0.024
	R²	0.8097	0.8575	0.5402
BiGRU	R_RMSE	0.037	0.031	0.024
	M_MAE	0.027	0.024	0.019
	R²	0.8054	0.8819	0.6993
AE- BiGRU	R_RMSE	0.024	0.016	0.017
	M_MAE	0.020	0.014	0.013
	R²	0.9152	0.9683	0.8503
AE-AM- BiGRU	R_RMSE	0.011	0.008	0.009
	M_MAE	0.008	0.006	0.007
	R²	0.9834	0.9926	0.9583

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