Research progress of hard carbon anode materials for sodium ion batteries

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0233

Abstract

Abstract:

With the development of high-performance electrode materials and the study of the mechanism, the electrochemical performance of sodium-ion batteries has been greatly improved. Hard carbon has become recognized as the most mature and commercialized anode material. However, it still faces problems such as low initial coulomb efficiency and poor rate capability. At the same time, great efforts have been devoted to in-depth research on the mechanism of sodium storage in hard carbons, and to explore synthetic methods to improve performance and reduce costs. However, there are still disagreements on the sodium storage mechanism, especially the sodium storage mechanism in the plateau region. Through the study of recent literature, based on the three different sodium storage processes of hard carbon material intercalation, adsorption and nanopore filling, the "intercalation-adsorption", "adsorption-intercalation" and other various forms of composite sodium storage mechanisms are emphatically introduced. Then, the effects of specific surface area, pores, defects, interlayer spacing and functional groups on the rate capability and initial Coulomb efficiency of hard carbon anode materials were analyzed based on the in-depth understanding of the sodium storage mechanism of hard carbon materials. At the same time, the effects of structure optimization and surface modification of coating method on improving the rate performance and initial coulombic efficiency of hard carbon anode materials are introduced. In order to promote the practical application of hard carbon, the effect of electrolyte optimization on improve the performance of ICE and rate capability of hard carbon is expounded. Comprehensive analysis shows that hard carbon material modification and electrolyte optimization are promising to achieve high rate capability, high initial coulombic efficiency and cycle stability at the same time.

Key words: sodium-ion battery, hard carbon, anode material, initial coulombic efficiency, rate capability, sodium storage mechanism

CLC Number:

TM 912

Fei LIU, Peiwen ZHAO, Jingxiang ZHAO, Xianwei SUN, Miaomiao LI, Jinghao WANG, Yanxin YIN, Zuoqiang DAI, Lili ZHENG. Research progress of hard carbon anode materials for sodium ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(11): 3497-3509.

Figures/Tables 7

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