Feasibility of

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0486

Abstract

Abstract:

Hydrogen energy is crucial for achieving energy security and dual carbon goals, representing important directions of global new energy development. China's western region is rich in renewable energy sources, and green hydrogen production potential is large, but the energy consumption is mainly concentrated in the eastern region, resulting in a noticeable supply and demand mismatch. Research and development of "West-to-East hydrogen transmission" can effectively alleviate this resource mismatch in China and promote the development of a high-quality hydrogen industry. This study expounds on the necessity of implementing "West-to-East hydrogen transmission" and introduces various storage and transportation technology paths encompassing gaseous, liquid, chemical hydrogen storage medium, and solid and organic liquid. Comprehensive technical feasibility analysis and comparison are conducted across four aspects: technical characteristics, technical maturity, standard system, and market application. The proposed feasible technical paths to realize "West-to-East hydrogen transport" in the near, middle, and long term include chemical hydrogen storage mediums, liquid hydrogen, and pipeline hydrogen transport. Taking the transportation route from Jiuquan City in Gansu Province to Shanghai as an example, a supply chain model is constructed, including hydrogen production, medium storage, transportation, reduction, and distribution. Economic feasibility was analyzed and compared by calculating the comprehensive cost of the whole supply chain process. The comprehensive study shows that mature ammonia and methanol as storage and transportation media, respectively, are feasible in the near term. In the medium term, the development of a liquid hydrogen transport mode is advisable, while in the long term, constructing large-scale, long-distance hydrogen transport pipelines emerges as a viable strategy for realizing "West-to-East hydrogen transport" in China.

Key words: hydrogen energy, west-to-east hydrogen transmission, technical feasibility, economic feasibility

CLC Number:

TK 91

Yiqiang WANG, Luqiang LIU, Zhicheng ZHANG, Ruonan HUI. Feasibility of "West-to-East Hydrogen Transmission" through chemical hydrogen storage media[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(3): 1050-1058.

Figures/Tables 5

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Fig. 2

Table 3

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城市群	燃料电池汽车推广数量/辆	每年氢需求量/t
合计	≥33010	≥66020
京津冀城市群	5300	10600
上海城市群	5000	10000
广东城市群	10000	20000
河北城市群	7710	15420
河南城市群	≥5000	≥10000

运输形态	运输方式	技术特点	技术成熟度	标准体系	市场应用
气态储运	纯氢管道	低压输氢，输氢量大，适合远距离输送，经济性良好，初始成本投资大	TRL8：在特定条件下完成验证，尚需扩大市场实际应用检验	国外3项标准，国内暂无标准	小规模应用
气态储运	天然气掺氢管道	可利用现有基础设施或进行改造，初始成本投资较小。对管网系统影响暂不明确	TRL6～TRL7：处于实验室和实际应用之间	国外国内暂无标准， 1项团体标准征求意见	试验阶段
液态储运	液氢(公路、铁路)	适合中远距离运输。氢液化能量消耗大，对运输装备要求高，终端应用汽化工艺简单	TRL8：在特定条件下完成验证，尚需扩大市场实际应用检验	国外标准较多，国内 3项标准	小规模应用
液体燃料	绿氨(公路、铁路)	储氢体积密度高，适合中远距离运输。运输技术成熟。无碳排放。还原氢能耗较高	TRL9：通过实际应用验证	标准体系健全	市场应用成熟
液体燃料	绿色甲醇(公路、铁路)	储氢体积密度高，适合中远距离运输。运输技术成熟。还原氢有碳排放，能耗较高	TRL9：通过实际应用验证	标准体系健全	市场应用成熟
有机液体	有机油等(公路、铁路)	储氢量较低，适合中长距离运输。脱氢能耗高	TRL6～TRL7：处于实验室和实际应用之间	暂无标准	试验阶段
固态储运	储氢金属	储氢质量密度较低，运输方便	TRL6～TRL7：处于实验室和实际应用之间	暂无标准	小规模应用

实现路径	制氢	制备介质	运输成本	还原氢成本	配送成本	总成本
绿氨	14～17	1～2	10～12	集中式还原：4	10	39～45
绿氨	14～17	1～2	10～12	加氢站还原：8	无	33～39
绿色甲醇	14～17	10～15	15～16	集中式还原：4	10	53～62
绿色甲醇	14～17	10～15	15～16	加氢站还原：8	无	47～56
液氢	14～17	7～9	15～18	4～6	无	40～50

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Feasibility of "West-to-East Hydrogen Transmission" through chemical hydrogen storage media

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