Performance of precooled CAES system using ORC-VCR to recover compression heat

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0574

Abstract

Abstract:

The energy storage process in a conventional diabatic compressed air energy storage (D-CAES) system usually uses more than four compressor units to reduce the consumption of air compression work. However, this leads to a substantial discharge of low-grade compression heat into the environment and serious energy waste. To solve this problem, this study proposes a precooled CAES system that uses organic Rankine cycle-steam compression refrigeration (ORC-VCR) for compression heat recovery (ORC-VCR-CAES). In the proposed system, the compressor inlet air is precooled by recovering the compression heat generated during the air compression stage. This approach further reduces the consumption of air compression work and improves the round-trip efficiency of the system. The thermodynamic and economic analysis of the ORC-VCR-CAES coupling system are also performed. Results show that the choice of ORC-VCR cycle working medium considerably influences system performance. The ORC-VCR-CAES system using R152a as a cycle working medium exhibits the best performance, achieving a system cycle efficiency of 64.15%, which is 5.94% higher than that of the conventional D-CAES system. Moreover, considering external waste heat energy input, the ORC-VCR-CAES system attains an energy efficiency of 51.90%, which is 4.81% higher than that of the conventional D-CAES system. Although the energy loss in coolers is effectively reduced through the recovery of compression heat, the energy loss from compressor units is still large, which is a key equipment for further system optimization. Economic analysis shows that with peak and valley electricity prices at 1.26 and 0.30 CNY, the net present value of the ORC-VCR-CAES system increases by 9.64% compared to the conventional D-CAES system. Compared with the conventional D-CAES system, the percentage increase in the net present value of the ORC-VCR-CAES system is higher when the peak and valley electricity price difference is smaller.

Key words: compressed air energy storage, organic Rankine cycle, vapor compression refrigeration, thermodynamic analysis, economic analysis

CLC Number:

TK02

Liugan ZHANG, Yingchi ZHOU, Wenbing SUN, Kai YE, Longxiang CHEN. Performance of precooled CAES system using ORC-VCR to recover compression heat[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(2): 611-622.

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Table A1

Estimation methods of the investment costs of components in the ORC-VCR-CAES system"

设备	计算方法
空气压缩机^[20]	$Z c o m = 7900 W ˙ c o m 0.62$ ，Ẇ_com为空气压缩机功率，kW
空气膨胀机^[20]	$Z e x p = 1100 W ˙ e x p 0.81$ ，Ẇ_exp为空气膨胀机功率，kW
换热器^[20]	$Z h e x = 12000 A h e x 100 0.6$ ， $A h e x = Q ˙ U Δ Τ$ ，A_hex为换热器面积，m²； $Q ˙$ 为热通量，W/K；U为换热系数，W/(m²·K)；∆T为对数平均温差
制冷压缩机^[21]	$Z c o m, v c r = 573 m ˙ 0.8996 - η c o m, v c r p o u t p i n l n p o u t p i n$ ，ṁ为制冷压缩机进口质量流量，kg/s；η_com,vcr为制冷压缩机等熵效率，p_out/p_in为制冷压缩机压比
ORC膨胀机^[22]	$Z e x p, o r c = 1.051 266.3 m ˙ 0.92 - η e x p, o r c l n p o u t p i n 1 + e x p 0.036 T i n - 65.6608$ ，ṁ为ORC膨胀机进口质量流量，kg/s；η_exp,orc为ORC膨胀机等熵效率，p_out/p_in为ORC膨胀机膨胀比，T_in为ORC膨胀机进口温度
ORC泵^[22]	$Z p u m p = 2100 W ˙ p u m p 10 0.26 1 - η p u m p η p u m p 0.5$ ，Ẇ_pump为泵功率，kW；η_pump为泵等熵效率
空气储罐^[20]	$Z t a n k = 2 V t a n k × 112.5$ ，V_tank为空气储罐体积，m³

Table A1

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参数	数值
储气室最大压力	7200 kPa
储气室最小压力	4200 kPa
空气压缩机等熵效率^[17]	85%
空气膨胀机等熵效率^[17]	88%
制冷压缩机等熵效率^[14]	80%
ORC膨胀机等熵效率^[14]	80%
泵等熵效率^[14]	80%
储能时间	6 h
释能时间	4 h
预冷器蒸发温度	15 ℃
ORC-VCR循环冷凝温度	35 ℃
换热器压力损失^[9]	1%

工质类型	临界温度/℃	GWP	安全等级	价格/(元/t)
R32	78.11	716	A2L	13 000
R134a	101.06	1370	A1	24 500
R152a	113.26	133	A2	21 000
R600a	134.66	~20	A3	20 000
R125	94.70	4	A2L	35 500
R410A	71.34	2100	A1	23 500

状态点	温度/℃	压力/kPa	焓值/(kJ/kg)	流量/(kg/s)	状态点	温度/℃	压力/kPa	焓值/(kJ/kg)	流量/(kg/s)
1	25.00	101.30	298.45	107.06	1b	30.00	793.85	252.81	102.07
2	25.00	101.30	298.45	107.06	2b	32.33	4105.27	257.46	102.07
3	153.04	302.37	427.71	107.06	3b	32.33	4105.27	257.46	24.91
4	75.00	299.35	348.51	107.06	4b	133.04	4105.27	597.86	24.91
5	45.00	296.36	318.20	107.06	5b	32.33	4105.27	257.46	25.06
6	25.00	293.39	298.01	107.06	6b	133.19	4105.27	598.17	25.06
7	153.19	875.76	427.34	107.06	7b	32.33	4105.27	257.46	25.48
8	75.00	867.00	347.59	107.06	8b	133.59	4105.27	599.00	25.48
9	45.00	858.33	317.09	107.06	9b	32.33	4105.27	257.46	26.62
10	25.00	849.74	296.74	107.06	10b	134.51	4105.27	600.87	26.62
11	153.59	2536.43	426.30	107.06	11b	133.60	4105.27	599.01	102.07
12	75.00	2511.06	345.00	107.06	12b	54.08	793.85	553.62	102.07
13	45.00	2485.95	313.94	107.06	1c	30.00	793.85	252.81	24.32
14	25.00	2461.09	293.13	107.06	2c	15.00	438.59	252.81	24.32
15	154.51	7346.19	423.51	107.06	3c	15.00	438.59	252.81	8.25
16	75.00	7272.73	338.12	107.06	4c	20.00	438.59	522.89	8.25
17	45.00	7200.00	305.47	107.06	5c	15.00	438.59	252.81	8.07
18	25.00	7200.00	283.21	160.58	6c	20.00	438.59	522.89	8.07
19	19.28	4200.00	283.21	160.58	7c	15.00	438.59	252.81	8.00
20	155.00	4158.00	426.42	160.58	8c	20.00	438.59	522.89	8.00
21	-0.96	652.27	270.81	160.58	9c	15.00	438.59	252.81	0.00
22	155.00	645.75	429.40	160.58	10c	20.00	438.59	522.89	0.00
23	0.36	101.30	273.65	160.58	11c	20.00	438.59	522.89	24.32
—	—	—	—	—	12c	49.63	793.85	547.88	24.32

参数	常规D-CAES	ORC-VCR-CAES
压缩机组功率	-57.27 MW	-55.51 MW
ORC-VCR系统功率	+0 MW	+3.55 MW
充电时间	6 h	6 h
膨胀机组功率	+50.00 MW	+50.00 MW
放电时间	4 h	4 h
循环效率	58.21%	64.15%
㶲效率	47.09%	51.90%

项目	数值
系统运行周期/年	30
系统年运行次数	350
贴现率^[16]	5%
系统年度运维成本/万元^[16]	6%投资总成本
高峰电价/(元/kWh)	1.26
低谷电价/(元/kWh)	0.30