Thermodynamic analysis of an advanced high-temperature heat pump energy storage unit based on phase-change heat storage

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0910

Abstract

Abstract:

Carnot batteries use thermodynamic cycles to convert and store electrical energy as thermal energy, which can be effectively integrated with industrial waste heat to facilitate a coordinated supply of cooling, heat, and electricity. This approach enhances the integration of renewable energy sources. This study investigates the thermodynamic properties of Carnot batteries, coupled with shell-and-tube thermal energy storage systems based on phase-change heat storage. We thoroughly analyzed the thermodynamic properties of the battery, considering factors such as temperature variations between the heat transfer fluid and the energy storage medium, the cumulative heat storage and release process, and the overall heat capacity. In addition, we performed a dimensionless analysis of the established two-dimensional transient model to improve the generalizability of the results. Results indicate that after the charging cycle, the outlet temperature can reach 0.83. The maximum and average power of the device were calculated as 1860 W and 624.7 W, respectively. Based on the second law of thermodynamics, it can be inferred that the stored exergy decreases sequentially along the flow direction, primarily due to the significant amount of exergy stored in the inlet PCM, with the amount of exergy released by the storage unit approaching 0 at the discharge time, t*=0.93.

Key words: energy storage, phase change heat storage, numerical simulation, thermodynamic analysis

CLC Number:

TK 02

Zhenkun XIAO, Zhen CHEN, Zhuang YANG, Hongxun QI, Jun YAN. Thermodynamic analysis of an advanced high-temperature heat pump energy storage unit based on phase-change heat storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(12): 4330-4338.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig.1

Table 1

Geometry of the control elements, thermophysical properties of the PCM, and operating conditions[24]"

热物理性质	单位	数值
TES高度, H	m	4.5×10^-1
PCM液膜厚度, R₀	m	4.5×10^-2
管内径, r_in	m	7.9×10^-3
管厚, δ	m	3.5×10^-4
PCM熔化温度, T_m	K	607
PCM潜热, L	kJ/kg	266
PCM密度, ρ	kg/m³	2110
PCM比热容, c_p	kJ/(kg·K)	0.95
PCM热导率, к_pcm	W/(m·K)	0.5
管壳材料热导率, к_tube	W/(m·K)	20
传热流体	—	Argon
HTF进口温度, T_f,in	K	798
运行压力, P	MPa	1
HTF质量流量 $m ˙$	kg/s	5.0×10^-3
环境温度, T₀	K	298
充/放电周期, t_chr	s	18000
截止温度, T_cut-off	K	353

Table 1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

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