Step-charging strategy and optimization of sodium-ion batteries

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0963

Abstract

Abstract:

Electric vehicles that rely on lithium-ion batteries for energy face dual challenges of safety and cost. An emerging alternative, sodium-ion batteries, share similar working principles with lithium-ion batteries, while being more economical and inherently safer. To achieve the rapid charging of sodium-ion batteries, this study proposes an optimized nine-step voltage cutoff charging strategy, developed based on the analysis of DC internal resistance changes and differential voltage analysis to monitor characteristic peak variations. The proposed strategy adjusts current limitations across three charging phases (early, middle, and late) to address specific issues, namely high DC internal resistance at low states of charge (SOC) during early charging, increased risk of damage at medium and high SOC regions, caused by high-rate charging and graphite characteristic peak activity. This strategy is compared against existing methods, including the constant current constant voltage (CCCV) charging method and a three-capacity cutoff tiered charging method, by analyzing 150 charging cycles. Experimental results show that, under the same constraints, the proposed battery aging strategies outperform the CCCV charging method. Specifically, compared with the optimized CCCV standard charging, the proposed strategies reduce charging time by 19.04%, improve battery health state by 7.4%, and decrease internal resistance attenuation by 17.8%.

Key words: sodium ion battery, step charging, battery aging

CLC Number:

TM 912

Fuxing SHAN, Haibo HUO, Zheng ZHANG, Binbin JIAN, Jun CHEN. Step-charging strategy and optimization of sodium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(4): 1668-1678.

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约束指标	数值范围
时间	<45 min
温升	<5 ℃
充入比	>99%

名称	数值
尺寸/mm	65.30±0.10(高度)
尺寸/mm	18.40±0.10(直径)
标称容量/mAh	1400
标称电压/V	3.10
质量/g	38
交流内阻/mΩ	≤18

名称	数值范围
容量/mAh	1370~1375
交流内阻/mΩ	18.2~18.4
恒流充入比	0.980~0.985

充电方法	10%~80% SOC用时	节省用时	同比缩短
CCCV	45 min 26 s	0	0
3SOC-MSCC	41 min 54 s	3 min 32 s	7.78%
5SOC-MSCC	41 min 11 s	4 min 15 s	9.35%
10SOC-MSCC	43 min 00 s	2 min 26 s	5.36%
9V-MSCC	38 min 10 s	7 min 16 s	16.0%

循环	2峰电压/V	2峰高度 /(mAh/V)	3峰电压/V	3峰高度 /(mAh/V)
CCCV	2.8721	1478.7664	2.9251	2309.6649
3SOC-MSCC	2.8635	1598.3846	2.9235	2327.6817
5SOC-MSCC	2.8578	1649.1074	2.9194	2446.5064
10SOC-MSCC	2.8584	1649.4737	1.9197	2460.5657
9V-MSCC	2.8580	1704.7926	2.9199	2502.1320