Research on configuration strategies for wind-solar-battery-hydrogen hybrid power plants considering electricity market trading mechanisms

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0358

Abstract

Abstract:

Renewable energy generation is transforming from a protected grid-connection model to a competitive electricity market model. However, because of their inherent uncertainty and intermittency, renewable sources struggle to independently and effectively compete in the electricity market. To address this issue, a wind-solar-battery-hydrogen hybrid power plant model based on renewable stations was developed to ensure a stable power supply, engage in electricity market transactions, and meet the hydrogen load demand. Within the electricity market environment, a two-level optimal configuration model was established for maximizing the return on equity (ROE), integrating medium- and long-term as well as spot market trading rules. The outer layer of the model employs the improved sparrow search algorithm to determine the optimal configuration strategy, utilizing the ROE as the fitness function. The inner layer applies mixed-integer linear programming to solve specific operational strategies. In addition, the model incorporates a quadratic constraint to model the hydrogen production curve of the electrolyzer accurately. This constraint is relaxed and transformed into a mixed-integer second-order cone programming problem, forming the optimal configuration scheme of the hybrid power plant. Case simulation results showed that the optimized configuration achieved an ROE of up to 0.32, which was further improved to 0.35 through enhanced operation based on hydrogen production efficiency. This configuration, therefore, enables the effective integration of electricity and hydrogen energy, significantly enhancing the competitiveness of renewable energy generation in the electricity market.

Key words: electricity market, renewable energy generation, hydrogen energy storage, electrochemical energy storage

CLC Number:

TK 91

Hao SUN, Zuoxia XING, Weining WU, Mingqi LI, Zhi ZHU, Gaohan WANG. Research on configuration strategies for wind-solar-battery-hydrogen hybrid power plants considering electricity market trading mechanisms[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(7): 2801-2812.

Figures/Tables 23

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Table 1

Sub projects and variables"

项目名称	变量
风电场容量	$X 1$
光伏电站容量	$X 2$
储能系统的功率	$X 3$
储能系统的容量	$X 4$
电解水制氢装置的功率	$X 5$
氢压缩机功率	$X 6$
氢储罐的容量	$X 7$
输电工程输送容量	$X 8$

Table 1

Fig. 4

Table 2

Table 3

Configuration scheme"

容量配置	方案一	方案二	方案三	方案四	方案五
风电场容量/ $M W$	183	183	71	93	76
光伏电站容量/ $M W$	121	121	53	127	32
储能系统功率/ $M W$	100	89	19	1	10
储能系统容量/ $M W h$	433	433	20	4	19
制氢装置功率/ $M W$	40	—	40	40	—
氢压缩机功率/ $M W$	0.48	—	0.45	0.38	—
氢储罐容量/ $k g$	14001	—	10000	10000	—
线路输送容量/ $M W$	93	93	41	93	93
ROE/%	0.32	0.11	0.18	0.13	0.36
弃电率/%	0.15	0.41	0.36	0.04	0

Table 3

Table 4

Configuration scheme"

容量配置	方案一	方案三	方案四
风电场容量/ $M W$	183	64	89
光伏电站容量/ $M W$	121	55	127
储能系统功率/ $M W$	100	13	5
储能系统容量/ $M W h$	433	25	8
制氢装置功率/ $M W$	40	40	40
氢压缩机功率/ $M W$	0.48	0.45	0.37
氢储罐容量/ $k g$	13220	10000	10000
线路输送容量/ $M W$	93	42	93
ROE/%	0.35	0.22	0.18
弃电率/%	0.15	0.31	0.04

Table 4

Table 5

Configuration schemes corresponding to different decomposition curves"

容量配置	峰平谷曲线	平均曲线	高峰曲线
风电场容量/ $M W$	183	183	183
光伏电站容量/ $M W$	121	121	121
储能系统功率/ $M W$	100	114	90
储能系统容量/ $M W h$	433	504	461
制氢装置功率/ $M W$	40	40	40
氢压缩机功率/ $M W$	0.48	0.48	0.48
氢储罐容量/ $k g$	13220	13645	12861
线路输送容量/ $M W$	93	93	93
ROE/%	0.35	0.25	0.30
弃电率/%	0.15	0.15	0.15

Table 5

Fig. B1

Fig. B2

Fig. B3

Fig. B4

Fig. B5

Fig. B6

Fig. B7

Table C1

Table C2

Equipment parameters"

设备	参数	数值
电化学储能系统电池	储能系统自放电系数/%	0.33
	荷电状态上下限/%	90、10
	充放电效率/%	95
	额定充放电循环/次	6000

电解水制氢装置	额定容量/ $M W$	5
	最小负载率/%	15
	压力/ $M P a$	3
	温度/℃	90
	最大电流密度/( $A / m 2$ )	5000
	寿命/年	15

氢储罐	最大输出能力/( $k g / h$ )	912.13

氢压缩机	能耗系数/( $M W h / k g$ )	0.0012

Table C2

Table C3

Price parameters"

价格	数值
中长期合约综合电价/(元/MWh)	490
现货市场惩罚因子	0.2
氢气售价/(元/ $k g$ )	20

Table C3

Fig. D1

Fig. D2

Fig. D3

Fig. D4

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项目名称	负荷需求
年电力负荷总需求(亿kWh)	2.7
年氢能负荷总需求(吨)	638.56

工程子系统规模	造价	运维	寿命
风电场/(万元/MW)	400	5%	20年
光伏电站/(万元/MW)	200	5%	20年
储能系统功率/(万元/MW)	7	5%	10年
储能系统容量/(万元/MWh)	70	5%	10年
电解水制氢装置/(万元/MW)	300	5%	10年
压缩机/(万元/MW)	35	1%	20年
氢储罐/(万元/kg)	0.02	1%	20年
输变电工程/(万元/MW/km)	30	5%	20年