Thermal runaway characteristics of pouch cells with SiOx/graphite anodes for electric vehicles under a nail penetration test

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0269

Abstract

Abstract:

It is of great significance to study the thermal runaway of lithium-ion power batteries to create an early warning system and to optimize the design of batteries to prevent thermal runaway. In this work, we investigated the thermal runaway characteristics of different anode materials at different states of charge (SOC) of the batteries using the positive active material NCM811. The heat generated by thermal runaway was calculated using the equivalent temperature of a steel nail, and was then converted into the heat released per unit capacity with varied SOC. Heat transfer in the form of flame and ejected high-temperature solids were also analyzed. The studies indicated that at the same SOC, cells with a SiO_x/graphite anode exhibited more severe thermal runaway than cells with graphite only anodes. When the SOC was 25%, the cells with SiO_x/graphite anode still experienced severe thermal runaway during the penetration test, while the cells with a graphite only anode showed relatively mild thermal changes. When the batteries with a SiO_x/graphite anode were at 100% SOC, 50% SOC, and 25% SOC, the region surrounding the battery was heated to a dangerously high temperature that could endanger the thermal propagation of nearby batteries. The weight loss of the battery in the nail penetration test increased with a higher SOC, and the weight loss ratio of the 100% SOC SiO_x graphite anode battery was the highest, reaching 75.2%.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, SiO_x/graphite anode, nail penetration, thermal runaway

CLC Number:

TM 911

Huiyong XU, Yuanhong LI, Zhiping ZHANG, Yafei FAN, Renzong HU. Thermal runaway characteristics of pouch cells with SiO_x/graphite anodes for electric vehicles under a nail penetration test[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(1): 218-228.

Figures/Tables 15

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方案	外壳包装	正极体系	负极体系	设计容量 /A?h	电压范围 /V
Si	铝塑膜	NCM811	硅基 (SiO_x/graphite)	25	2.5～4.2
C	铝塑膜	NCM811	石墨 (graphite)	25	2.8～4.2

体系-SOC	_starT_nail/℃	_maxT_nail/℃	M_battery/g	热失控总放热/J	单位容量放热/J
Si/100%SOC	23.1	1181.1	304.2	373388.7	14935.5
Si/50%SOC	27.5	591.3	303.7	181499.6	14520.0
Si/25%SOC	27.5	228.2	302.8	64429.0	10308.6
Si/10%SOC	26.9	67.6	303.2	13059.2	5223.7
C/100%SOC	25.4	1195.4	338.5	419795.7	16791.8
C/50%SOC	25.7	300.0	342.3	99526.5	7962.1
C/25%SOC	27.3	139.3	341.7	40554.6	6488.7
C/10%SOC	25.6	79.5	342.0	19551.9	7820.8

项目	100% SOC		50% SOC		25% SOC		10% SOC
项目	Si	C	Si	C	Si	C	Si	C
电池初始质量/g	305.0	337.7	302.4	342.2	302.7	341.7	303.1	341.8
	302.9	339.4	307.2	342.8	303.1	341.9	303.6	344.1
	304.7	338.4	301.4	341.8	302.5	341.4	302.9	340.1
平均值/g	304.2	338.5	303.7	342.3	302.8	341.7	303.2	342.0
热失控后质量/g	78.2	148.7	192.5	252.0	217.1	284.0	249.4	334.8
	76.3	145.0	193.0	238.4	227.1	283.5	300	333.3
	72.2	166.0	199.4	252	213.3	283.4	299.1	331.1
平均值/g	75.6	153.2	195.0	247.5	219.2	283.6	282.8	333.1
损失质量/g	226.8	189.0	109.9	90.2	85.6	57.7	53.7	7.0
	226.6	194.4	114.2	104.4	76.0	58.4	3.6	10.8
	232.5	172.4	102.0	89.8	89.2	58.0	3.8	9.0
平均值/g	228.6	185.3	108.7	94.8	83.6	58.0	20.4	8.9
失重比/%	74.4	56.0	36.3	26.4	28.3	16.9	17.7	2.0
	74.8	57.3	37.2	30.5	25.1	17.1	1.2	3.1
	76.3	50.9	33.8	26.3	29.5	17.0	1.3	2.6
平均值/%	75.2	54.7	35.8	27.7	27.6	17.0	6.7	2.6

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