Experimental study on thermal runaway characteristics of vehicle NCM lithium-ion batteries under overcharge， overheating， and their combined effects

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0391

Abstract

Abstract:

The thermal runaway problem of lithium-ion batteries under external abuse has attracted widespread attention as it is currently the main energy battery of electric vehicles. Studying the thermal runaway characteristics of batteries under various abuse, especially under the combined action of multiple cases of abuse, can effectively improve the safety of battery use. In this study, the vehicle 50 Ah square power NCM lithium-ion battery monomer is taken as the research object, and the experiments of 1 C rate overcharge, 150 W local overheating, and battery thermal runaway under the combined action was performed by using high-power charge-discharge cycle instrument and electric heating device. The experimental results of the thermal runaway phenomenon, mass loss, temperature change, temperature rise rate change, temperature rise position, and voltage change under different working conditions were compared and analyzed. The results show that the battery's thermal runaway duration under the combined effect of overcharging and overheating is about 35% less than that of single abuse. The battery can release a large amount of heat by releasing gas and surface heat conduction. Under the combined action, the first heating part of the battery is the pole piece and the heating surface. When the contact heating is out of control due to the combined action of overcharge and overheating, the SOC of the battery reduces by roughly 35% in comparison to that of the overcharge. Under the combined action, the battery voltage will appear in the “continuous rise-sudden drop to zero” phenomenon. This study can provide a reference for the safety design of the NCM lithium-ion battery thermal management system.

Key words: NCM lithium-ion battery, thermal runaway, overcharge, overheat, combined action

CLC Number:

TM 912

Xiaolong HE, Xiaolong SHI, Ziyang WANG, Luhao HAN, Bin YAO. Experimental study on thermal runaway characteristics of vehicle NCM lithium-ion batteries under overcharge， overheating， and their combined effects[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(1): 218-226.

Figures/Tables 12

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序号	滥用方式	具体参数
1	过充	1 C(50 A)恒流充电
2	过热	150 W加热
3	过充过热共同作用	50 A恒流充电，150 W加热

序号	滥用方式	热失控时间
1	过充	(1544±13) s
2	过热	(1559±36) s
3	过充过热共同作用	(1008±23) s

序号	滥用方式	热失控温度T_tr	表面最高温度T_max
1	过充	(96.5±4.2) ℃	(249.1±36.4) ℃
2	过热	(151.0±8.5) ℃	(721.1±21.1) ℃
3	过充过热共同作用	(128.1±6.3) ℃	(713.9±27.3) ℃

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