Testing and analysis of safety characteristic-parameter thresholds for power batteries under different conditions

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0235

Abstract

Abstract:

The safety and reliability of a vehicle depend on the consistency of the safety characteristic parameters of its power battery system. To analyze the threshold and causes of these parameters throughout the lifespan of the battery, this study conducts the cloud data analysis and high/low temperature charging and discharging test on retired battery systems, as well as the extreme condition test on battery cells. The maximum differences in voltage and temperature serve as indicators to evaluate parameter thresholds. The results show that the voltage difference threshold of a vehicle gradually increases with the service time. The main reason for a large voltage difference is the high discharging current during the driving process. Owing to the low state of charge, the experimental voltage difference is larger compared to the difference in voltage obtained from cloud data. The temperature difference threshold of the battery system is closely related to the ambient temperature. Although the maximum temperature difference does not appear during a single charging-discharging process in low-temperature conditions, the continuous driving or charging process in winter can increase temperature difference. After the overtemperature test of new and degraded batteries, the open circuit voltage of the degraded battery was directly reduced to 0 V, and its internal resistance and thickness increased substantially, indicating that the safety performance of a degraded battery deteriorated under extreme conditions. With the testing and analysis results of safety characteristic parameters under different conditions, this study contributes to the consistency analysis and the development of warning strategies for power battery systems.

Key words: battery system, characteristic parameter, threshold, voltage difference

CLC Number:

TM 912

Lei ZONG, Long CHEN, Feng ZHU, Guogang LIU, Yaqing SUN, Haishu DONG. Testing and analysis of safety characteristic-parameter thresholds for power batteries under different conditions[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(7): 2271-2281.

Figures/Tables 12

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工况类型	实验温度/℃	压差阈值/V
低温NEDC	-20	0.305
低温高速驾驶	0	0.39
高温高速驾驶	45	0.405
低温充电	0	0.309
高温快充(部分)	45	0.339
常温快充	25	0.34
云端驾驶	—	0.2
云端充电	—	0.1

测试工况	实验温度/℃	温差阈值/℃	温升阈值/℃
低温NEDC	-20	2	7
低温高速驾驶	0	2	13
高温高速驾驶	45	3	6
低温充电	0	2	6
高温快充(部分)	45	7	10
常温快充	25	4	10
云端驾驶	冬季	11	—
云端充电	冬季	11	—

测试项目	新电池(100 Ah)	旧电池(79 Ah)
开路电压(测试前)	4.271 V	4.126 V
开路电压(测试后)	4.241 V	0 V
内阻(测试前)	0.429 mΩ	0.764 mΩ
内阻(测试后)	0.521 mΩ	1.663 mΩ
厚度(测试前)	52.52 mm	59.64 mm
厚度(测试后)	58.12 mm	75.58 mm

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