Variable-load operating characteristics of heat and power cogeneration system based on micro compressed air energy storage

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0166

Abstract

Abstract:

The heat and power cogeneration system based on micro compressed air energy storage (micro CAES) offers a simple structure and operational flexibility. Owing to the constantly changing energy demands of small-scale electricity and heat users, such systems frequently operate under variable loads. However, the dynamic characteristics of these systems under continuous variable loads have not been sufficiently investigated. This paper establishes a comprehensive dynamic and control model for the micro CAES cogeneration system, considering variable operating conditions and the effects of volume inertia. Based on this model, the continuous variable load regulation characteristics during energy storage and release processes, as well as the charge-discharge cycle performance under different load rates, are analyzed. The results show that under continuous variable loads, the actual power output of the compressor and expander units closely follows the set values, with maximum power deviation remaining below 9%. During energy storage, the system's exergy efficiency improvement attributed to the heat storage and heat exchanger increases as the load rate decreases. Conversely, during energy release, lower load rates lead to reduced isentropic efficiency at each stage and exacerbate the negative effects of the throttling valve on the exergy efficiency of the energy release process. The system achieves a maximum round-trip efficiency of 0.61 and an energy efficiency of 0.82. While decreasing the load rate reduces the round-trip and energy efficiencies of the charge-discharge cycle, it results in a higher heat-to-power ratio of the supplied energy. This study provides a theoretical reference for the application of micro CAES systems in distributed energy systems.

Key words: compressed air energy storage, continuous variable load, control, exergy efficiency, dynamic characteristics

CLC Number:

TK 02

Yanlin ZHENG, Huan GUO, Zhao YIN, Yujie XU, Hualiang ZHANG, Haisheng CHEN. Variable-load operating characteristics of heat and power cogeneration system based on micro compressed air energy storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(9): 3488-3499.

Figures/Tables 11

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参数	值	参数	值
压缩机压比	3.5	电动机容量/kW	75
压缩机级数	4	发电机容量/kW	60
膨胀机膨胀比	4.5	首级压缩机入口温度/K	293
膨胀机级数	3	其余压缩机入口温度/K	318.15
压缩机等熵效率	0.83	首级压缩机出口温度/K	474.2
膨胀机等熵效率	0.8743	其余压缩机出口温度/K	484
压缩段流量(kg/s)	0.115	高温蓄热温度/K	453
膨胀段流量/(kg/s)	0.148	低温蓄热温度/K	293
每级压缩机功率/kW	18.75	膨胀机入口温度/K	443
每级膨胀机功率/kW	20	膨胀机出口温度/K	308
中冷器流量/(kg/s)	0.0529	储气室体积/m³	65.55
再热器流量/(kg/s)	0.0681	储气室表面积/m²	56.55