Capacity fading analysis of lithium-ion battery after high temperature storage

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0614

Abstract

Abstract:

A 1.6 Ah 18650 lithium-ion nominal capacity battery with a prelithiation process was developed to determine the capacity fading factors of lithium-ion batteries after high-temperature storage. Comparative analysis of the capacity loss, capacity recovery, dQ/dV, EIS, SEM, XRD, EDS, ICP, and thermal analysis of the battery storage under RT and 70 ℃ after five months at 100% SOC, respectively. The results demonstrate that the battery's discharge capacity at 70 ℃ is only 79.14% of its capacity at 25 ℃, and the reversible capacity loss accounts for 52.8%. The irreversible capacity loss is primarily due to the severe imbalance between the cathode and anode. The nonprelithium battery is subjected to anode fading, whereas the prelithium battery undergoes cathode fading due to the excessive lithium in the anode. Furthermore, the internal resistance of the battery storage under 70 ℃ is greater than that under 25 ℃, particularly when the anode quantity increases. There is significantly more "dead lithium" on the surface of the anode for the battery storage under 70 ℃ and more oxygen content was observed, meaning more side reactions on the surface. Moreover, high-temperature storage did not affect the structure of the electrode materials.

Key words: high temperature storage, capacity fading, self-discharge, prelithiation, lithium-ion battery

CLC Number:

TM 912.9

Guangyu CHENG, Xinwei LIU, Yueni MEI, Honghui GU, Cheng YANG, Ke WANG. Capacity fading analysis of lithium-ion battery after high temperature storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1339-1349.

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温度	Chi squared	R_S/mΩ	R_sf/mΩ	R_ct/mΩ
25 ℃	2.024e-04	18.66	6.098	8.922
70 ℃	5.187e-04	20.56	19.3	17.7

元素	25 ℃		70 ℃
元素	质量比/%	原子比/%	质量比/%	原子比/%
C K	60.96	68.14	47.32	41.52
O K	32.19	27.01	6.86	5.07
F K	6.86	4.84	0.19	0.10
Al K	—	—	45.62	53.31
总量	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00

项目	a/Å	c/Å	d002/nm
25 ℃搁置	2.461	6.713	0.3357
70 ℃搁置	2.467	6.695	0.3347

项目	a/Å	c/Å	c/a	I(003)/I(104)
25 ℃搁置	2.8582	14.1806	4.96	1.102
70 ℃搁置	2.8583	14.1826	4.96	1.520

项目		Al	Co	Ni
25 ℃正极	浓度/(mg/L)	1.183	6.24	38.58
25 ℃正极	化学计量比	0.054328	0.131198	0.814474
70 ℃正极	浓度/(mg/L)	1.662	6.74	39.47
70 ℃正极	化学计量比	0.072601	0.134796	0.792603
25 ℃负极	浓度/(mg/L)	—	—	—
70 ℃负极	浓度/(mg/L)	0.103	—	—