Study on the effects of carbonization temperature on lithium-storage kinetics for soft carbon

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0689

Abstract

Abstract:

Soft carbon is one of the candidate materials for the fast-charging lithium-ion battery anode. Creating soft carbon with high power density is currently a research focus. Soft carbon's electrochemical properties are primarily determined by its microstructure, which is heavily influenced by the carbonization temperature of the precursor. The structural evolution of soft carbon derived from needle coke at a carbonization temperature of 900—1700 ℃ was traced in this paper by varied characterizations of SEM, XPS, XRD, Raman, and N₂ isothermal adsorption. Electrochemical characterizations of CV, GCPL, and EIS were also used to investigate the relationship between microstructure and lithium-storage kinetics. The results show that the carbonization temperature of soft carbon can be divided into three dominant steps based on the change of microstructures (amorphous, turbostratic and graphitic), which has a significant impact on the electrochemical properties of soft carbon. The soft carbon has abundant pores in the region dominated by amorphous structure, and the lithium-storage kinetics is fast, but the specific capacity (195 mAh/g) and the Coulomb efficiency (< 60%) were low; The Coulombic efficiency is highest (80%) in the region dominated by graphitic structure, but the lithium-storage kinetics are significantly reduced; In the region dominated by turbostratic structure, the optimum microstructure can be obtained, which achieves a good balance between reversible capacity, coulomb efficiency and rate performance. This paper offers suggestions for the rational design of soft carbon for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, anode, soft carbon, kinetics, carbonization temperature

CLC Number:

TM 911

WANG Yuzuo, DENG Miao, WANG Jin, YANG Bin, LU Yinli, JIN Ge, RUAN Dianbo. Study on the effects of carbonization temperature on lithium-storage kinetics for soft carbon[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(6): 1715-1724.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 1

Analysis of C1s fine-spectrum for soft carbon"

样品	C $̿$ C /%	C—O /%	C $̿$ C/%	C(O)C/%	Graphitic-C/%
SC-1100	73.2	11.11	4.75	3.32	1.71
SC-1300	75	8.8	4	3	3.3
SC-1700	78.6	8.7	3.5	2.3	4

Table 1

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Table 2

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软碳材料	R_e /Ω	R_s /Ω	R_ct /Ω	R_warburg /Ω
SC-1300	2.8	9.4	34.6	45.4
SC-1500	3	7.9	18.8	0.29

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