Application of aliphatic-crown ethers in battery electrolytes

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0211

Abstract

Abstract:

The compatibility between battery materials affects their performance. The performance of batteries can be improved by adding 12-crown-4, 15-crown-5, 18-crown-6, and other aliphatic-crown ethers to the electrolyte, which improves the compatibility. This article introduced the molecular structure of crown ethers, which determines their surface-interface activities and coordination inclusion capabilities. In addition, it reviews the application history of aliphatic crown ethers in lithium-ion battery electrolytes, summarizes the effects of crown ether on the inhibition of the irregular precipitation of metals, forming films on the electrode surface, reducing solvent side reactions, solubilizing electrolytes, improving ionic conductivity, improving the performance of solid electrolytes, etc. The application of aliphatic crown ethers in electrolytes is limited by the high production costs of the Williamson ether-synthesis process, which has low selectivity, many by-products, and difficult purification. Oligomerization using ethylene oxide is a preferable process for producing aliphatic crown ethers; however, it needs to be improved to avoid the use of fluorine-containing salts. Finally, there are prospects for the application of aliphatic-crown ethers in electrolytes.

Key words: electrolyte, compatibility, aliphatic crown ethers, 12-crown-4, 15-crown-5, 18-crown-6

CLC Number:

TM 911

Lifeng FANG. Application of aliphatic-crown ethers in battery electrolytes[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(10): 3100-3111.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1

Table 1

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Fig. 4

Fig. 5

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冠醚	孔径直径/nm	金属离子	离子直径/nm
12-冠醚-4	0.11～0.14	Li⁺	0.136
15-冠醚-5	0.17～0.22	Na⁺	0.194
18-冠醚-6	0.26～0.32	K⁺	0.266

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