Experimental study on thermal runaway mitigation and heat transfer characteristics of ternary lithium-ion batteries

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0043

Abstract

Abstract:

It is required to exert thermal mitigation measures on batteries to delay the thermal runaway (TR) process and prevent fire and explosion accidents in lithium-ion battery packs, caused by TR propagation. Therefore, this study selected the 40 Ah square ternary lithium battery packs as the experimental object, in which the influence of inserting different heat mitigation plates between batteries on TR propagation and heat transfer characteristics was experimentally investigated. The experimental results show that the TR behavior and heat transfer rates of the batteries were severe and rapid, without any plates. The temperature of the left side of the downstream battery reached 364.89 ℃ after triggering the TR of the upstream battery for 30 s. The average interval time of TR propagation between adjacent batteries was 99.33 s. After inserting 6 mm thick cotton plates and 3 mm thick aerogel plates as mitigation interlayers, the average interval time was extended to 644.33 s and 1282.33 s, respectively. The TR process was entirely suppressed by inserting the 6 mm thick aerogel plates. Considering the battery pack's thermal mitigation performance and energy density, a 3 mm thick aerogel plate a suitable thermal mitigation material for this study. The calculation model of heat transfer in the TR process was established. The analysis showed that 81.7% of the TR-inducing heat came from upstream batteries where TR happened, whereas only 18.3% of the heat came from self-generation. The results of this study can provide theoretical guidance for the safe design of lithium-ion battery modules and the selection of TR mitigation materials.

Key words: lithium-ion batteries, thermal runaway, mitigation, heat transfer

CLC Number:

TM 911

Xijiang SHEN, Qiangling DUAN, Peng QIN, Qingsong WANG, Jinhua SUN. Experimental study on thermal runaway mitigation and heat transfer characteristics of ternary lithium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(6): 1862-1871.

Figures/Tables 11

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参数	数值
标称容量/Ah	40
额定电压/V	3.7
放电终止电压/V	3.0
充电终止电压/V	4.2
质量/kg	0.8
工作温度范围/℃	-20～60

实验工况	1#电池热失控传递至2#用时/s	2#电池热失控传递至3#用时/s	3#电池热失控传递至4#用时/s	2#电池热失控触发温度/℃	3#电池热失控触发温度/℃	2#电池热失控峰值温度/℃	3#电池热失控峰值温度/℃
无隔热	73	66	159	297.94±210.66	254.23±181.98	626.25±123.83	659.44±150.38
6 mm隔热棉	678	431	824	281.97±109.89	257.31±124.38	832.75±60.88	770.10±133.93
3 mm气凝胶	1190	1438	1219	208.05±47.28	193.38±37.00	674.47±1.38	684.73±8.36
6 mm气凝胶	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

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