Energy storage type of UPS and its control method in internet data centers

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0939

Abstract

Abstract:

With the rapid expansion of internet data centers (IDCs), the deployment of uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems in IDCs has seen significant growth. Despite their critical role, UPS battery systems remain largely underutilized, being active only during infrequent power outages. This paper advocates for the enhanced utilization of the energy storage capabilities of UPS battery systems, promoting an economical and efficient approach to energy management without compromising backup power reliability. We introduce an advanced architecture for energy storage type of UPS (EUPS), delineate control strategies for its diverse energy storage applications, and present a framework for its integration into multiscenario power grid regulations through coordinated control strategies. The efficacy of the proposed EUPS system architecture and control methodologies is substantiated through a fully operational EUPS demonstration system.

Key words: energy storage type of UPS, internet data center, frequency regulation, peak valley regulation, coordination control

CLC Number:

TM 723

Peng PENG, Yuxin ZHAO, Fu LI, Yuxuan LI, Wanzhou SUN, Yushu SUN, Jian WANG, Xisheng TANG. Energy storage type of UPS and its control method in internet data centers[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(5): 1574-1583.

Figures/Tables 18

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

Fig. 12

Table 1

Fig. 13

Fig. 14

Fig. 15

Fig. 16

Fig. 17

References 24

1	国务院新闻办公室. 2022年工业和信息化发展情况[EB/OL]. https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2023-01/19/content_5737929.htm.
2	郭亮. 数据中心发展综述[J]. 信息通信技术与政策, 2023, 49(5): 2-8.
	GUO L. Overview of data center development[J]. Information and Communications Technology and Policy, 2023, 49(5): 2-8.
3	王丹阳, 张沈习, 程浩忠, 等. 考虑数据中心用能时空可调的多区域能源站协同规划[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2023, 47(3): 77-85.
	WANG D Y, ZHANG S X, CHENG H Z, et al. Coordinated planning of multi-regional energy stations considering spatio-temporal adjustment of energy consumption in data centers[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2023, 47(3): 77-85.
4	陈敏, 高赐威, 郭庆来, 等. 互联网数据中心负荷时空可转移特性建模与协同优化:驱动力与研究架构[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(19): 6945-6958.
	CHEN M, GAO C W, GUO Q L, et al. Modeling and coordinated optimization for spatiotemporal load regulation potentials of Internet data centers: Motivation and architecture[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(19): 6945-6958.
5	YE G S, GAO F, FANG J Y, et al. Joint workload scheduling in geo-distributed data centers considering UPS power losses[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2023, 59(1): 612-626.
6	CAO F, WANG Y J, ZHU F, et al. UPS node-based workload management for data centers considering flexible service requirements[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2019, 55(6): 5533-5542.
7	DING Z H, CAO Y J, XIE L Y, et al. Integrated stochastic energy management for data center microgrid considering waste heat recovery[C]//2018 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS). Portland, OR, USA. IEEE, 2018: 1-9.
8	丁肇豪, 曹雨洁, 张素芳, 等. 能源互联网背景下数据中心与电力系统协同优化(一): 数据中心能耗模型[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(9): 3161-3177.
	DING Z H, CAO Y J, ZHANG S F, et al. Coordinated operation for data center and power system in the context of energy Internet(I): Energy demand management model of data center[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(9): 3161-3177.
9	KWON S, NTAIMO L, GAUTAM N. Demand response in data centers: Integration of server provisioning and power procurement[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2019, 10(5): 4928-4938.
10	王利猛, 曲洋, 刘宇途, 等. 基于电力大数据的用户储能最优配置[J]. 电器与能效管理技术, 2023(9): 32-38, 54.
	WANG L M, QU Y, LIU Y T, et al. Optimal configuration of customer energy storage based on power big data[J]. Electrical & Energy Management Technology, 2023(9): 32-38, 54.
11	AAMIR M, MEKHILEF S. An online transformerless uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system with a smaller battery bank for low-power applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2017, 32(1): 233-247.
12	KAUR K, GARG S, KUMAR N, et al. An adaptive grid frequency support mechanism for energy management in cloud data centers[J]. IEEE Systems Journal, 2020, 14(1): 1195-1205.
13	PENG X P, QIN X. Energy efficient data centers powered by on-site renewable energy and UPS devices[C]//2020 11th International Green and Sustainable Computing Workshops (IGSC). Pullman, WA, USA. IEEE, 2020: 1-3.
14	张中丹, 皮霞, 杨德州, 等. 电池储能电站替代变电站升级的优化决策配置方法[J]. 电力建设, 2023, 44(7): 41-49.
	ZHANG Z D, PI X, YANG D Z, et al. Optimal decision-making configuration method for battery energy storage station to replace substation upgrades[J]. Electric Power Construction, 2023, 44(7): 41-49.
15	郭锟. 关于数据中心高频模块化UPS运行于ECO模式的实践和思考[J]. 数字技术与应用, 2023, 41(11): 38-40.
	GUO K. Practice and thinking on high-frequency modular UPS running in ECO mode in data center[J]. Digital Technology & Application, 2023, 41(11): 38-40.
16	NASCIMENTO R, RAMOS F, PINHEIRO A, et al. Case study of backup application with energy storage in microgrids[J]. Energies, 2022, 15(24): 9514.
17	GRANGE L, DA COSTA G, STOLF P. Green IT scheduling for data center powered with renewable energy[J]. Future Generation Computer Systems, 2018, 86: 99-120.
18	王佰超, 陈彦奎, 刘玉振, 等. 基于多站融合的直流供电系统的研究[J]. 数字通信世界, 2020(2): 75-76.
	WANG B C, CHEN Y K, LIU Y Z, et al. Research on DC power supply system based on multi-station integration[J]. Digital Communication World, 2020(2): 75-76.
19	DABBAGH M, HAMDAOUI B, RAYES A, et al. Shaving data center power demand peaks through energy storage and workload shifting control[J]. IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing, 2019, 7(4): 1095-1108.
20	VERMA A, SINGH B. A solar PV, BES, grid and DG set based hybrid charging station for uninterruptible charging at minimized charging cost[C]//2018 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS). Portland, OR, USA. IEEE, 2018: 1-8.
21	ZHANG G L, ZHANG S, ZHANG W Q, et al. Distributed energy management for multiple data centers with renewable resources and energy storages[J]. IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing, 2022, 10(4): 2469-2480.
22	KUMAR M, MEMON Z, UQAILI M, et al. An overview of uninterruptible power supply system with total harmonic analysis & mitigation: An experimental investigation for renewable energy applications[J]. IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, 2018, 18: 25-36.
23	李毓烜, 陈满, 彭鹏, 等. 一种储能型UPS及其控制方法: 中国, CN115085354A[P]. 2022-09-20.
	LI Y X, CHEN M, PNEG P, et al. An energy storage UPS and its control method: China, CN115085354A[P]. 2022-09-20.
24	PENG P, CHEN M, LI Y X, et al. Research on energy storage type of uninterruptible power supply technology in Internet data center[C]//2022 12th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems (ICPES). Guangzhou, China. IEEE, 2022: 553-558.

时段/min	电价时段	功率指令/kW
0～8	谷时段	-60
8～10	平时段	-30
10～12	高时段	0
12～14	平时段	-30
14～19	高时段	0
19～24	平时段	-30

[1]	Ran SUN, Jianbo WANG, Yanzhao MA, Xiaoke ZHANG, Huaizhong HU. Adaptive control strategy for primary frequency regulation for new energy storage stations based on reinforcement learning [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(3): 858-869.
[2]	Xin WU, Wenju SHANG, Zhiyong MA, Wei TENG, Shuang ZHANG, Hairong LUO. Coordinated control method for pumped and flywheel hybrid energy storage system [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(2): 468-476.
[3]	Yu CAO, Tong JIANG, Chi LIU, Yong YANG, Wenfei LIU, Wenying LIU. Electrochemical energy storage participation in primary frequency regulation control strategy considering frequency characteristics and energy storage battery state [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(10): 3120-3130.
[4]	Shuili YANG, Weifang LIN, Yanyan CUI, Erjun WANG. Analysis and enlightenment of AGC modulation for combined fire and storage system based on power and capacity compensation [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(1): 299-311.
[5]	Yu SHI, Zhong ZHANG, Jingying YANG, Wei QIAN, Hao LI, Xiang ZHAO, Xintong YANG. Opportunity cost modelling and market strategy of energy storage participating in the AGC market [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2366-2373.
[6]	Hao QIN, Lijun QIN, Xuechen BAI, Cong LI. A control strategy of flywheel energy storage system participating frequency regulation with pumped storage [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(12): 3915-3925.
[7]	Xiuhui LI, Yan CUI. Optimal allocation of energy storage in renewable energy grid considering the demand of peak and frequency regulation [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(11): 3594-3602.
[8]	Jie YANG, Fan GUO, Zijian CAO. Cost and benefit analysis of EV energy storage through V2G [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(S1): 45-51.
[9]	Yufei RAO, Ze GAO, Shuili YANG, Lijun WANG, Xiangjun LI, Jingchao ZHANG. Operational benefit evaluation for frequency regulation application of large-scale battery energy storage [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(6): 1828-1836.
[10]	TU Weichao, LI Wenyan, ZHANG Qiang, Jia'ao WANG. Engineering application of flywheel energy storage in power system [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(3): 869-877.
[11]	HU Ping, WU Bin, GUO Li, HU Shiyao, YANG Shuqiang. Coordination control method of photovoltaic and energy storage for distribution network based on virtual substation [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2019, 8(4): 629-636.
[12]	DAI Xingjian, WEI Kunpeng, ZHANG Xiaozhang, JIANG Xinjian, ZHANG Kai. A review on flywheel energy storage technology in fifty years [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2018, 7(5): 765-782.
[13]	DING Dong, YANG Shuili, LI Jianlin, HUI Dong, LIU Zongqi, LI Tingting. Capacity configuration of battery energy storage as an alternative to thermal power units for frequency regulation [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2014, 3(4): 302-307.