Characterization study on overheat-induced thermal runaway for lithium-ion battery in energy storage

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0121

Abstract

Abstract:

Energy storage systems play a crucial role in the advancement of modern electric power systems. Among these, lithium-ion battery energy storage is a key area of focus. A technical challenge hindering the application of lithium-ion batteries in energy storage is safety. This paper explores the electrical and thermal characteristics of battery thermal runaway triggered by overheating. A stepwise heating experiment, employing natural convection heat transfer, was conducted to analyze the failure modes of batteries at various temperature thresholds using the Semenov theory. This research examines changes in voltage, the average voltage drop rate, and self-heating characteristics across different temperatures, considering internal side reactions. Results indicate that thermal runaway occurs at 140—160 ℃, peaking at a maximum temperature of 464.6 ℃. The phenomena of rupture and gas leakage during the thermal runaway considerably influence the peak temperature observed. Furthermore, when the state of charge of the battery is reduced to 50%, the battery transitions from thermal runaway to functional failure. These findings provide a foundation for future research on safety management and mitigation of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, battery safety, thermal runaway, overheat fault, thermal analysis

CLC Number:

TK 02

Chengxin LIU, Ziheng LI, Zeyu CHEN, Pengxiang LI, Qingyi TAO. Characterization study on overheat-induced thermal runaway for lithium-ion battery in energy storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(7): 2425-2431.

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References 13

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基本特征	常规参数
标称容量	3.55 Ah
标称电压	3.70 V
上截止电压	4.20 V
下截止电压	3.00 V
标准充电电流	1.70 A
最大持续放电电流	102 A
内阻	＜5.0 mΩ

特征温度点	第一组SOC100%电池	第二组SOC100%电池
自生热起始温度T1	120.1 ℃	121.5 ℃
热失控触发温度T2	156.9 ℃	170.5 ℃
热失控最高温度T3	464.6 ℃	335.9 ℃

温度范围/℃	电压下降值/V	电压平均下降速率/(V/h)	自生热值/℃
20~60	0.008	0.0048	0
60~80	0.010	0.0054	0
80~100	0.019	0.0121	0
100~120	0.031	0.0214	0.8
120~140	0.400	0.0835	16.9

温度范围/℃	电压下降值/V	电压平均下降速率/(V/h)	自生热值/℃
20~60	0.010	0.0075	0
60~80	0.010	0.0075	0
80~100	0.018	0.0135	0
100~120	0.030	0.0234	1.8
120~140	0.400	0.1425	5.8

温度范围/℃	电压下降值/V	电压平均下降速率/(V/h)
20~60	0.003	0.0023
60~80	0.004	0.0030
80~100	0.005	0.0038
100~120	0.008	0.0061
120~140	0.020	0.0152