Thermal runaway of large capacity lithium-iron phosphate battery pack

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0108

Abstract

Abstract:

The surge in the new energy industry has considerably escalated the utilization of lithium-ion batteries in energy storage systems, highlighting the imperative of addressing their safety concerns. This research focuses on the thermal safety issues of lithium-ion battery modules, particularly large-capacity lithium iron phosphate (LFP) variants. We conduct an integrated experimental and numerical simulation study to examine the surface temperature characteristics of these battery modules during thermal runaway propagation. A thermal runaway simulation model is established for LFP battery modules, which investigates the impact of aerogel pads of varying thicknesses on the mitigation of thermal runaway. Furthermore, it explores the energy transfer processes during thermal runaway events. The findings indicate that aerogel pads with thicknesses of 0.7 and 1.2 mm effectively inhibit the spread of thermal runaway within the battery modules. Increasing the thickness of the aerogel pads remarkably reduces the peak temperatures reached by the protected batteries. Upon the integration of the aerogel pad, the 2# battery received insufficient heat to sustain the internal irreversible reaction, thereby halting the thermal runaway at a specific node and preventing the complete occurrence of the reaction. This study enhances the accuracy of thermal runaway simulation models, facilitates the prediction of thermal safety characteristics at the planning stage, and contributes to the overall thermal safety of the products.

Key words: safety, thermal runaway, energy storage, temperature characteristics, battery

CLC Number:

TM 912

Yong CAO, Dapeng YANG, Qing ZHU, Kunfeng LIANG, Xun ZHOU, Yanqin CHANG. Thermal runaway of large capacity lithium-iron phosphate battery pack[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(7): 2462-2469.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig. 1

Table 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Table 2

Calculate thermal properties parameters"

参数	电芯	外壳	导电排	气凝胶
恒压热容c_p /[J/(kg·K)]	935	880	893	735

导热系数 $λ$ /[W/(m·K)]	$λ x$ =18	130	180	0.035
	$λ y$ =1.5
	$λ z$ =18

密度 $ρ$ /(kg/m³)	2151.3	2700	1730	190

Table 2

Table 3

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Table 4

Performance parameters of aerogel"

性能参数	数值
厚度	0.7 mm

密度	170 kg/m³≤ $ρ$ ≤210 kg/m³

导热系数	25 ℃, ≤0.030 W/(m·K)
导热系数	100 ℃, ≤0.035 W/(m·K)

比热容	≥0.7 J/(g·℃)

压缩性能	0.5 MPa：(33±5)%
	1.0 MPa：(43±5)%
	1.5 MPa：(48±5)%
	2.0 MPa：(51.5±5)%

Table 4

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

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参数	数值
尺寸	174 mm×54 mm×207 mm
额定容量	230 Ah
标称电压	3.34 V
充放电截止电压	2.5~3.65 V
重量	(4185±0.3) g
额定能量	170 Wh/kg

参数	SEI 膜分解反应	负极-电解液反应	正极-电解液反应	电解液分解反应
生热量H_i /(J/kg)	7.2076×10⁵	8.9957×10⁵	2.527×10⁵	1.6×10⁵
反应物碳含量W_i /(kg/m³)	413	413	925	500
指前因子A_i /s^-1	1.7×10¹⁵	2.5×10¹³	6.7×10¹³	5.14×10²⁵
反应活化能E_a_,i /(J/mol)	1.14005×10⁵	1.16583×10⁵	1.25983×10⁵	2.7×10⁵

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