Simulation study on cooling performance of immersion liquid cooling systems for energy-storage battery packs

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0751

Abstract

Abstract:

With the rapidly increasing demand for energy storage, single batteries are increasingly designed for larger capacities. Consequently, large-capacity batteries are gradually becoming mainstream electrochemical energy storage systems. However, existing research on battery pack cooling systems primarily focuses on the small-capacity battery systems. In this study, we investigate a submerged liquid cooling system for 280 Ah large-capacity battery packs. We discuss the effects of various parameters on cooling performance, including battery spacing, coolant import and export methods, inlet and outlet flow rates, and types. Furthermore, we analyze the influence of coolant thermophysical parameters on the cooling effect. The results show that increasing the cell spacing appropriately has a positive cooling effect on submerged liquid-cooled battery packs. When the cell spacing is increased from 0 mm to 5 mm, the maximum temperature difference ΔT_max and the maximum temperature T_max of the battery packs are reduced by 1.57 ℃ and 1.84 ℃, respectively. The coolant inlet position has a greater effect on ΔT_max and T_max than the outlet position, and the inlet position has a greater effect on the flow field inside the battery box than the outlet position. ΔT_max and T_max decrease with increase in the inlet flow rate. When the inlet flow rate increased from 0.2 m/s to 0.4 m/s, ΔT_max and T_max decreased by 21.1% and 8.0%. Deionized water exhibits the best cooling effect, whereas silicone oil exhibits the worst cooling effect. Compared to silicone oil, deionized water reduced ΔT_max and T_max by 5.17 ℃ and 5.99 ℃. Among the thermophysical parameters of the coolant, the order of importance and influence on the battery pack's cooling performance is as follows: density, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and power viscosity. The findings of this study offer valuable insights into designing large-capacity battery pack-submerged liquid cooling system.

Key words: immersion cooling, battery thermal management, parameter sensitivity, numerical simulation

CLC Number:

TM 912

Yuehao CHEN, Sha CHEN, Huilan CHEN, Xiaoqin SUN, Yongqiang LUO. Simulation study on cooling performance of immersion liquid cooling systems for energy-storage battery packs[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(2): 648-658.

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方式	进口	出口	方式	进口	出口	方式	进口	出口
Case1	182	182	Case4	102	182	Case7	20	182
Case2	182	102	Case5	102	102	Case8	20	102
Case3	182	20	Case6	102	20	Case9	20	20

参数	数值	参数	数值
几何尺寸/mm³	204×174×72(H_b×W_b×T_b)	容量/Ah	280
标称电压/V	3.2	充放电电压/V	2.5~3.65
质量/g	5435	比热容/[J/(kg·K)]	1029.4
密度/(kg/m³)	2118	电芯内阻/mΩ	0.43
热导率/[W/(m·K)]	x/y/z：21.6/2.1/21.6	荷电状态/%	100

种类	材料	动力黏度/(Pa·s)	密度/(kg/m³)	热导率/[W/(m·K)]	比热容/[J/(kg·K)]	介电常数
碳氢化合物	合成油	0.0070	807	0.159	2523	2.20
酯类	MIVOLT-DF7	0.0150	916	0.129	1907	—
电子氟化液	FC-72	0.0006	1680	0.057	1100	1.75
水基流体	去离子水	0.0010	998	0.598	4182	80.20
硅油类	硅油	0.0965	965	0.160	1460	16.00

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